Anatomy Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards | Quizlet Dense regular connective tissue fibers are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Composed mainly of dense connective tissues, it serves as a tough, internal framework that surrounds muscles, bones, and nerves. Connective tissues provide support and assist movement, store and transport energy molecules, protect against infections, and contribute to temperature homeostasis. Difficulty swallowing, or clinically referred to as dysphagia, poses increased concern when drinking beverages. Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. This ground substance is usually a fluid, but it can also be mineralized and solid, as in bones. Test Match Created by bouselel Terms in this set (17) Four Types Of Tissue Connective, Muscular, Epithelial, Nervous Areolar Wraps and cushions organs; its phagocytes engulf bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid Stratified Squamous Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion Pseudostratified LM 800. Other cells move in and out of the connective tissue in response to chemical signals. Exercise 5: classification of tissues Flashcards | Quizlet It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. Lymph contains a liquid matrix and white blood cells. The extracellular matrix contains fluid, proteins, polysaccharide derivatives, and, in the case of bone, mineral crystals. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers cartilage. 4. the surface tension of water is high because molecule form multiple Hydrogen bonds. Areolar tissue underlies most epithelia and represents the connective tissue component of epithelial membranes, which are described further in a later section. Dense connective tissue proper is richer in fibers and may be regular, with fibers oriented in parallel as in ligaments and tendons, or irregular, with fibers oriented in several directions. Want to create or adapt books like this? 1. the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid (surfactant) 2. a measure of the inward pull by interior particles. - Collagen fibersstrongest; resist tension. Connective tissue proper includes the fixed cells fibrocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells. While older adults are at risk for tendinitis because the elasticity of tendon tissue decreases with age, active people of all ages can develop tendinitis. In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. The dermis of the skin is an example of dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen fibers. with stands great tensile strength in one direction ( tendons, ligaments) dense . Dense regular connective tissue fibers are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site and you must attribute OpenStax. Q. Heparin, also released as part of the inflammatory response, acts as an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. Fibersfunction in support; secreted by fibroblasts. Cartilage contains chondrocytes and is somewhat flexible. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The mesenchymal cell is a multipotent adult stem cell. While no treatment is currently available, it is often recommended that liquids be thickened to improve the safety of swallowing and prevent liquids from being . By the end of the section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Viscosity's resistance to flow is a combination of the size of the . then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Factors Affecting Sensory Acceptance of Thickened Liquids Used in This is probably ________. Nutrients, salts, and wastes are dissolved in the liquid matrix and transported through the body. Osteocytes, bone cells like chondrocytes, are located within lacunae. LM 1600. Persons whose jobs and hobbies involve performing the same movements over and over again are often at the greatest risk of tendinitis. Erythrocytes, red blood cells, transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide. Some applications require a ligament to balance tensile strength and elasticity, and thus contain elastic fibers in addition to collagen fibers that allow the ligament to return to its original length after stretching. areolar matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: adipose matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: dense connective tissue matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: connective tissue that transports materials in a plasma matrix is: connective tissue that stores minerals and anchors muscles is, connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of long bones is, compact bone matrix includes nonfibrous ____________. Secreted by fibroblasts, ground substance is made of polysaccharides, specifically hyaluronic acid, and proteins. Protection is another major function of connective tissue, in the form of fibrous capsules and bones that protect delicate organs and, of course, the skeletal system. One of the main functions of connective tissue is to integrate organs and organ systems in the body. Nutrients, salts, and waste are dissolved in the liquid matrix and transported through the body. . 3. Connective Tissue Flashcards | Quizlet connective tissue proper loose connective tissue, adipose. This arrangement gives the tissue greater strength in all directions and less strength in one particular direction. View the University of Michigan Webscope to explore the tissue sample in greater detail. Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. Injuries to cartilage heal very slowly because cells and nutrients needed for repair diffuse slowly to the injury site. This is due to what is behind each of the properties. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. Collagen fibers are made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The ligaments in the vocal folds and between the vertebrae in the vertebral column are composed of dense regular elastic tissue. The roots ped and pod mean "foot." The root phob means "fear." The root port means "to carry" or "bring." This tissue gives rigid support as well as elasticity. connective tissue that stores fat and protects organs is _____ adipose. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column. Brown adipose tissue is more common in infants, hence the term baby fat. In adults, there is a reduced amount of brown fat and it is found mainly in the neck and clavicular regions of the body. Cancellous bone, also known as spongy bone, looks like a sponge under the microscope (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)) and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. The amount and structure of each component correlates with the function of the tissue, from the rigid ground substance in bones supporting the body to the inclusion of specialized cells; for example, a phagocytic cell that engulfs pathogens and also rids tissue of cellular debris. Blood is considered a specialized form of connective tissue. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans. It stores fat for energy and provides insulation. Elastic cartilage can stretch and recoil to its original shape because of its high content of elastic fibers. A histologist examines a tissue slide and observes many fibers tightly packed together in a parallel arrangement. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. You hear of tennis and golfers elbow, jumpers knee, and swimmers shoulder. Fluid tissue, for example blood and lymph, is characterized by a liquid matrix and no supporting fibers. In contrast, white fat adipocytes store lipids as a single large drop and are metabolically less active. The matrix plays a major role in the functioning of this tissue. Ch. 4 Key Terms - Anatomy and Physiology | OpenStax It forms the lamina propria of mucus membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries. Cells circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. Answered: adipose collagen, reticular, elastic | bartleby Many different cells contribute to the formation of connective tissues. In fluid connective tissue, in other words, lymph and blood, various specialized cells circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins. Both tissues have a variety of cell types and protein fibers suspended in a viscous ground substance. These serve to hold organs and other tissues in place and, in the case of adipose tissue, isolate and store energy reserves. The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. Bones rigid extracellular matrix contains mostly collagen fibers embedded in a mineralized ground substance containing hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate. On rare occasions, a sudden serious injury will cause tendinitis. As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Your opponent stands ready as you prepare to hit the serve, but you are confident that you will smash the ball past your opponent. The first connective tissue to develop in the embryo is mesenchyme, the stem cell line from which all connective tissues are later derived. Dense irregular connective tissue. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release histamine, an inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching, swelling, and redness you recognize as an allergic response. Areolar and Adipose matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers anatomy-connective tissue Flashcards | Quizlet Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans. Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastin fibers in addition to collagen fibers, which allows the ligament to return to its original length after stretching. For the passionate athlete, it may be time to take some lessons to improve technique. Cellularity Composed almost entirely of cells with minimal extra cellular material Specialized contacts Cells joined by special junctions to stick together and communicate. This tissue is no longer present after birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the body. She recommends icing the tender area, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication to ease the pain and to reduce swelling, and complete rest for a few weeks. Blood contains formed elements derived from bone marrow. While older adults are at risk for tendinitis because the elasticity of tendon tissue decreases with age, active people of all ages can develop tendinitis. Human Anatomy and Physiology Global Edition - (4 - Tissue - Studocu Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid . Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. The condition causes pain and tenderness in the area around a joint. A soot particle enters an electrostatic precipitator and experiences 2.3105N2.3 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~N}2.3105N of force pulling it toward an accumulator plate. energy- rich fat cells - richly vascularized (provide blood vessels, high metabolic activity) What is the function of adipose tissue? Keratin is a protein that helps strengthen the cells against abrasion. In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. A few distinct cell types and densely packed fibers in a matrix characterize these tissues. Many different cells contribute to the formation of connective tissues. Fibrocartilage is tough because it has thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed through its matrix, which allows it to resist compression and absorb shock. holds and conveys tissue fluid Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body. When stimulated, macrophages release cytokines, small proteins that act as chemical messengers. The many mitochondria in the cytoplasm of brown adipose tissue help explain its efficiency at metabolizing stored fat. This tissue is no longer present after birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the body. Surrounds capillaries. She interrupts your protests that you cannot stop playing. Bone tissue is highly vascularized. Adipose cells store surplus energy in the form of fat and contribute to the thermal insulation of the body. Although repetitive motions are unavoidable in many activities and may lead to tendinitis, precautions can be taken that can lessen the probability of developing tendinitis. compact bone matrix includes ground substance and the following fiber: hyaline cartilage matrix includes ground substance and the following fiber: ___________ contains a large amount of an extracellular matrix. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. These combine to form a proteoglycan with a protein core and polysaccharide branches. Persons whose jobs and hobbies involve performing the same movements over and over again are often at the greatest risk of tendinitis. Brown adipose tissue is thermogenic, meaning that as it breaks down fats, it releases metabolic heat, rather than producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a key molecule used in metabolism. Organ capsules (collagenous type) and walls of arteries (elastic type) contain dense irregular connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the fibroblast. Between 4-16% of adults in the United States have experienced difficulty swallowing at some point during their lives. White adipose tissue can be found protecting the kidneys and cushioning the back of the eye. Cartilage and bone are supportive tissue. The three broad categories of connective tissue are classified according to the characteristics of their ground substance and the types of fibers found within the matrix ([link]). Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? As you might expect, a fibrocyte, a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper. A second type of embryonic connective tissue forms in the umbilical cord, called mucous connective tissue or Whartons jelly. Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than does loose connective tissue. Bones are made of a rigid, mineralized matrix containing calcium salts, crystals, and osteocytes lodged in lacunae. These combine to form a proteoglycan with a protein core and polysaccharide branches. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. The example is from dog tissue. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. As you toss the ball high in the air, a burning pain shoots across your wrist and you drop the tennis racket. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. As you toss the ball high in the air, a burning pain shoots across your wrist and you drop the tennis racket. capillary action: If the adhesive forces are _____ than the cohesive forces, the attraction to the surface draws the liquid up the tube and the cohesive forces pull along those molecules not in direct contact with the tube walls Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. Connective tissue in the tendon does not have abundant blood supply and heals slowly. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. They originate in the mesodermal germ layer and differentiate from mesenchyme and hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. Wraps and cushions organs 2. Like blood cells, mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and are part of the immune system. The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the clear, viscous, colorless matrix you now know as ground substance. Can you name the 10 tissue types shown in the histology slides? The major types of connective tissue are connective tissue proper, supportive tissue, and fluid tissue. Protection is another major function of connective tissue, in the form of fibrous capsules and bones that protect delicate organs and, of course, the skeletal system. (c) Elastic cartilage provides firm but elastic support. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release histamine, an inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching, swelling, and redness you recognize as an allergic response. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written which kind of tissue provides support and insulation, has highly branched cells, and is capable of transmitting electricity? A plate of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bone allows continued growth until adulthood. The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the fibroblast. This is not where connective tissue roles end. White fat contributes mostly to lipid storage and can serve as insulation from cold temperatures and mechanical injuries. Severe cases of tendinitis can even tear loose a tendon. Lymph drains into blood vessels, delivering molecules to the blood that could not otherwise directly enter the bloodstream. Some cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines vessels and enter adjacent tissues. Chapter 4 Tissues Key Concepts Flashcards | Quizlet Access for free athttps://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology. In case of severe pain, X-rays can be examined to rule out the possibility of a bone injury. Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, the thick band of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. Nonetheless, connective tissues have a common structural plan, and we use areolar connective tissue (ah-re 9 o-lar) as our prototype, or model (Figure 4 and Figure 4 . Examples of typical dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues consisting primarily of collagen fibers are shown in (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). All connective tissues derive from the mesodermal layer of the embryo (see [link]). Tissue functions and locations Flashcards | Quizlet The macrophage cell is a large cell derived from a monocyte, a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from the blood vessels. The macrophage cells are an essential component of the immune system, which is the bodys defense against potential pathogens and degraded host cells. Structurally, all connective tissues contain cells that are embedded in an extracellular matrix stabilized by proteins. Dense connective tissue is reinforced by bundles of fibers that provide tensile strength, elasticity, and protection. Packages organs 3. A large number of capillaries allow rapid storage and mobilization of lipid molecules. Recall from the first section of this chapter that membranes form all the body linings and are made up of epithelial tissues with a layer of underlying connective tissue. Dense connective tissue proper is richer in fibers and may be regular, with fibers oriented in parallel as in ligaments and tendons, or irregular, with fibers oriented in several directions. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers cartilage. Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting. Connective tissues separate and cushion organs, protecting them from shifting or traumatic injury. Function: support, flexible framework for certain organs. What is the ground substance in typical connective tissue matrix? You hear of tennis and golfers elbow, jumper's knee, and swimmers shoulder. Jan 27, 2022 OpenStax. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue: regular and irregular. Surgical repair of a tendon is painful. This is a factor contributing to the very slow healing of cartilaginous tissues. tissues (part 1) Flashcards | Quizlet It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. Concept Map of Tissues Flashcards | Quizlet Bone is the hardest connective tissue. Young athletes, dancers, and computer operators; anyone who performs the same movements constantly is at risk for tendinitis. The distinctive appearance of cartilage is due to polysaccharides called chondroitin sulfates, which bind with ground substance proteins to form proteoglycans.