(4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. Find out more about the company LUMITOS and our team. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. It is of particular concern because of This may result in convulsions. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system. Exposure could cause death. Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net A marking in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. 0000002858 00000 n Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Lindane.html, Your browser is not current. At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. Remove contaminated clothes. Formula: C6H6Cl6 People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. %%EOF The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. (see also Regulatory Status). WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on 0000050404 00000 n Routes of exposure Abstract. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. Carefully collect remainder. Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). 0000001244 00000 n Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. The symbol and border must be black on a white or suitable contrasting background. Lindane persists in the environment and bioaccumulates as an organochlorine pesticide and can pose risks to ecological environments and human Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. 104 22 In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. (4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. Your browser does not support JavaScript. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. $>. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. Well closed. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. 0000003713 00000 n [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. 0000047710 00000 n Vomiting. (3) Transitional exception. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. It is highly toxic to fish and honeybees and moderately toxic to most 0000006227 00000 n They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. Chemical dangers WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. Not combustible. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. Rinse mouth. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. (June 8, 2007 order). 0000000736 00000 n A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, 0000006477 00000 n A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. Lindane has adverse effects on Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure A review of the most serious cases described 15 deaths of which two were confirmed related to lindane misuse including a suicidal ingestion. 0000003168 00000 n The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great Sore throat. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Convulsions. 0000003791 00000 n 0000006190 00000 n WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. Gyceril PABA. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to Further see Ingestion. 0000003215 00000 n To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. hYio+QB L` EDl+b?5 %U`{W5=;" C*LOu3],5K1v)v..%S]*&dc?>|]^+}.{|xu}>_]_og|Sn6?8WagnsyY~9,6lY|y /7buvx|~\^sgd_ yr|t1g/7o_7:E}stm"(:KjuygEwq^|_]. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. Fresh air, rest. WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. with the financial assistance of the European Commission. [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). 0000002475 00000 n [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. 0 WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. 125 0 obj <>stream Molecular mass: 290.8 Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. Refer immediately for medical attention. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. Six cases of congenital anomaly were also describedfive for infants "possibly" exposed to lindane in utero and one paternal exposurebut no characteristic pattern of effect was noted. <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and 0000001466 00000 n In humans, lindane primarily affects the nervous system, liver and kidneys, and may be a carcinogen and/or endocrine disruptor.[1][2]. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. %PDF-1.4 % The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Refer for medical attention. 104 0 obj <> endobj People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [1] Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. Transportation Refer for medical attention . trailer Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. startxref Inhalation risk WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. UN Classification For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in Headache. %PDF-1.6 % Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Nausea. The other storms took place on November 4, 2021 and March 24, 2023. Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. 89 0 obj <>stream 0000003484 00000 n WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. [1] [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses.
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