Revolutions Podcast by Mike Duncan - S4: Haitian Revolution - Episode 1 Khwarezmid 3.87K subscribers Subscribe 19K views 4 years ago Link (s) to the episode (s):. My troops are exhausted with fatigue and sickness". [23], Many of these conflicts involved slaves who had escaped the plantations. Hey Mike. [38], Saint-Domingue's free people of color, most notably Julien Raimond, had been actively appealing to France for full civil equality with whites since the 1780s. The new governor of Jamaica, Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres, urged Maitland not to withdraw from Mole St Nicholas. Duncan drew inspiration for the Revolutions podcast out of a deep personal interest from his teenage years: "When I was really getting into history when I was a teenager, the American Revolution was my favorite period of American history. 21 Revolutions Podcast - Glasgow Women's Library. [104], Leclerc ordered four French columns to march on Gonaives, which was the main Haitian base. "Teaching the Haitian Revolution: Its Place in Western and Modern World History". ", http://haitianrevolutionfblock.weebly.com/causes-of-the-haitian-revolution.html./, https://www.pbs.org/marieantoinette/timeline/reign.html, http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/, "Causes of the Haitian Revolution - Haitian Revolution", "Haitian Revolution (17911804) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed", "Dessaliness Proclamation: Liberty or Death", "From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History", Koekkoek, Ren (2020) The Citizenship Experiment Contesting the Limits of Civic Equality and Participation in the Age of Revolutions. He sent a general, who tricked Toussaint LOuverture, arrested him, and shipped him off to France where he eventually died in prison, but the revolution did not end. Blacks outnumbered whites fifteen times over. The Western province, however, grew significantly after the colonial capital was moved to Port-au-Prince in 1751, becoming increasingly wealthy in the second half of the 18th century. [83] Under a storm of artillery, the Haitians placed ladders on the walls and were driven back four times, with heavy losses. Enjoy! On 11 March 1800, Toussaint took Jacmel and Rigaud fled on the French schooner La Diana. Meanwhile, Dessalines led the rebellion until its completion, when the French forces were finally defeated by the end of 1803. It will be safeguarded for you, since it has been only too well earned by your own efforts. Haitian Revolution | Causes, Summary, & Facts | Britannica [137], The nascent state's future was hobbled in 1825 when France under Charles X forced it (with French warships anchored off the coast during the negotiations[138]) to pay 150 million gold francs in reparations to French ex-slaveholdersas a condition of French political recognition and to end the newly formed state's political and economic isolation. [95] According to the Encyclopedia of African American Politics, "Between 1791 and independence in 1804 nearly 200,000 blacks died, as did thousands of mulattoes and as many as 100,000 French and British soldiers. Haiti's troubles go back more than a century. [108] As hopeful as the Haitians, many Poles were seeking union amongst themselves to win back their freedom and independence by organizing an uprising. More than a translation from Spanish is a corruption. June 3, 2022 Hosted by Michael Barbaro Produced by Mooj Zadie , Rob. [86] Rigaud took control of Jeremie without any cost to his forces, as Maitland withdrew his southern forces to Jamaica. The colony was not only the most profitable possession of the French colonial empire, but it was the wealthiest and most prosperous colony in the Caribbean. Mike Duncan (podcaster) - Wikipedia However, Toussaint sent a message to Balcarres, warning him that if he persisted, to remember that Jamaica was not far from St Domingue, and could be invaded. [47] The long years of oppression by the planters had left many blacks with a hatred of all whites, and the revolt was marked by extreme violence from the very start. It seems to have been a rather slow burning spark between 1789 and 1791. In addition, he exhibited a connection to Enlightenment scholars through the style, language, and accent[further explanation needed] What is the "accent" of a text? [105] The first of the French columns to appear before the fort was commanded by General Jean Boudet, whose men were harassed by skirmishers until they reached a deep ditch the Haitians had dug. The call for modification of society was influenced by the revolution in France, but once the hope for change found a place in the hearts of the Haitian people, there was no stopping the radical reformation that was occurring. "International Repercussions of the Haitian Revolution. Revolutions - Listen to All Episodes | History | TuneIn 9/5/2022. Partly a consequence of the French Revolution and partly a backlash against the brutality of slave owners, it turned into a complex struggle involving not just the residents of the island but French, English and Spanish forces. In the summer of 1803, when war broke out between the United Kingdom and the French Consulate, Saint-Domingue had been almost completely overrun by Haitian forces under the command of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. One of the state's first significant documents was Dessaliness' "Liberty or Death" speech, which circulated broadly in the foreign press. [106] Over the following days, the French kept on bombarding and assaulting the fort, only to be repulsed every time while the Haitians defiantly sang songs of the French Revolution, celebrating the right of all men to be equal and free. Dessalines paid large sums of money to liberate slaves on slave ships near the Haitian coast. Matt | [106] The French had won, but they had lost 2,000 dead against an opponent whom they held in contempt on racial grounds, believing all blacks to be stupid and cowardly, and furthermore, that it was shortages of food and ammunition that forced the Haitians to retreat, not because of any feats of arms by the French army. No one would eat fish from the bay for months afterward, as no one wished to eat the fish that had eaten human flesh. Another ship of the line was trapped against the coast and captured after coming under fire from Haitian shore batteries. White women were "often raped or pushed into forced marriages under threat of death". [94] The numerous French soldiers were accompanied by mulatto troops led by Alexandre Ption and Andr Rigaud, mulatto leaders who had been defeated by Toussaint three years earlier. Enslaved blacks watched from the sidelines.[18]. [160] Total casualties for the French Revolution are estimated at 2 million. In 2018 Duncan relocated to Paris, France in order to do research for his 2021 book Hero Of Two Worlds, a biography on the Marquis de Lafayette. Listen to this episode from Revolutions on Spotify. [32] Duncan has also expressed interest in developing a TV series based on the biography, having drafted a pilot script for the proposed show. [19] In addition to these interregional tensions, there were conflicts between proponents of independence, those loyal to France, and allies of Britain and Spainwho coveted control of the valuable colony. We did not go to fetch half a million savage slaves from off the coast of Africa to bring them to the colony as French citizens. In the letter, he emphasized that he was fighting for liberty, equality, and fraternitypicking up these concepts directly from the French revolution. [114] Trapped, engaged in a vicious race war, and with much of his army dying of yellow fever, Rochambeau fell to pieces. But the revolution also created one of the world's most impoverished societies, a legacy which Haiti has struggled to escape. The remainder of the squadron was forced to fight two more actions on their return to Europe, but did eventually reach the Spanish port of Corunna. Also Place Hotel de Ville. Louverture abandoned the Spanish Army in the east and brought his forces over to the French side on 6 May 1794 after the Spanish refused to take steps to end slavery.[100]. The remaining French settlers were forced to leave the island. In cooperation with their former mulatto rivals, blacks ended the Revolution in November 1803 when they decidedly defeated the French Army at the Battle of Vertires. BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, The Haitian Revolution The unrest in Haiti moved France to send various agents there to try to quell the uprising. Once the French got control of Haiti [St-Domingue], what was life like in the colony? John S. Marr, and John T. Cathey. Main, Here is a link to the map if you don't like the embed: The July Revolution Map. Despite racial tensions in Saint-Domingue, the French revolutionary government at the time welcomed abolition with a show of idealism and optimism. He was a former slave; he had been a coachman for the manager of a plantation. 07 December 2015 at 10:12 PM. [2], Describing himself as "a complete history geek," Duncan also has an interest in American history. The U.S. [81], General Ralph Abercromby, the commander of the forces committed to the "great push", hesitated over which island to attack when he arrived in Barbados on 17 March 1796. And you mentioned pirates 6y See more of Revolutions on Facebook Log In or Create new account "Impact of the French and Haitian Revolutions." [67], Sonthonax sent three of his deputies, namely the colonist Louis Duffay, the free black army officer Jean-Baptiste Belley and a free man of color, Jean-Baptiste Mills, to seek the National Convention's endorsement for the emancipation of slaves near the end of January 1794. Fearing a return of French forces, Dessalines first expanded and maintained a significant military force. In addition to podcasting, Duncan is the author of two historical books. 04 April 2017 at 04:04 AM, Great map, really helps, (though little figures waving pitch forks and fire brands would be a nice touch. Many were children of white planters and enslaved mothers, or free women of color. By this point, Perry observed that both sides were "a little mad" as the pressures of the war and yellow fever had taken their toil, and both the French and the Haitians fought with a reckless courage, seeing death in battle as preferable to a slow death by yellow fever or being tortured to death by the enemy. Revolutions Podcast by Mike Duncan - S4: Haitian Revolution - YouTube [19][pageneeded]. David P. Geggus. In 1789, there was a population of 40,000 whites and 500,000 slaves. [115] Mass killings then took place on the streets and on places outside the cities. Some gens de couleur owned and operated their own plantations and became slave owners. [24], On 1 January 1804, from the city of Gonaves, Dessalines officially declared the former colony's independence, renaming it "Haiti" after the indigenous Arawak name.
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