she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam. In the male it is also called idhar. [1][2][4][7] Whether or not it should be carried out after converting to Islam is debated among Muslim legal scholars (Ulama). This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 13:40. Circumcision was introduced to many lands of the Middle East and North Africa for the first time through Islam itself following the early Muslim conquests under the Rshidn Caliphate, whose commanders were the companions and contemporaries of Muhammad. Dr Bashir Quereshi, author of Transcultural Medicine, explains: "Every Muslim is expected to follow the way and the life of the Prophet Muhammad. They rely on sayings that come from classical Shte Muslim scholars. al-Filistini) in his village. "[28] Another narration from Jafar al-diq, the 6th Shte Imam, says: "Circumcise your sons when they are seven days old as it is cleaner (athar) and the flesh grows faster and because the earth hates the urine of the uncircumcised. A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace
In fact studying all these chains of narrators benefits a student of the science of hadith by introducing more than 30 problematic and weak narrators of hadith to him/her who are all over these chains of narrators. Performing FGM, including arranging for it to be performed overseas on resident Swiss girls, was outlawed in the country in 2012. [68][69] Over 80 percent of Malaysian women claim religious obligation as the primary reason for practising FGM, along with hygiene (41 percent) and cultural practice (32 percent). Term Boosting e.g. test* The child licked his lips. This discourse would be incomplete without highlighting on female circumcision (khafd). This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. [75] Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the highest-ranking Shia (Marja) in Iraq and the leader of the Hawza (Islamic University) of Najaf, forbids FGM on his website:[This quote needs a citation].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. ", "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, "Circumcision - Does the Qur'an Approve it? But it's not true that it's an old Arabic custom, because there are hieroglyphics in Egypt showing that ancient Egyptians use to practice circumcision. Fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] and leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. Al-Haafiz window.__mirage2 = {petok:"xVsF4tydGBzFHxpo02G0TmoEylr5mDjeg1ZmmUFT8oQ-1800-0"}; Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. Yahya said, 'We had a man with the kunya of Abu Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. is not obligatory but sunna, while Hanafis consider it a mere courtesy to
Khitan (Arabic: ) or Khatna (Arabic: ) is the Arabic term for circumcision,[1][2] and the Islamic term for the practice of religious male circumcision in Islamic culture. With regard to a man, he cannot be clean from urine unless he is circumcised, because drops of urine collect underneath the foreskin and he cannot be sure that they will not drip and make his clothes and body impure. circumcisions in Madinah. it would not be possible to use this as an insult. Ibrahim stood up and swept him with however, he had intercourse with his wife after he stoned the Jamra,
Another hadith attributed to Muhammad states: "the earth cries out to God in anguish because of the urine of the uncircumcised", and that "the earth becomes defiled from the urine of the uncircumcised for forty days". roosters comb, above the exit of the urethra. The term he used for both was khitan. [41], Despite the absence of scriptural support, women and girls within Christian communities, including in Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania, do undergo FGM. The Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him) told her:
[63] A hadith in Sahih Bukhari says: "I heard the Prophet saying. If so, why did Allah not make it explicitly Haram in the Quran? In 2004, after CNN broadcast images of a girl in Cairo undergoing FGM, then Grand Mufti of Egypt Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi declared that hadiths on FGM were unreliable. were to kiss his wife and no emission were to occur from that, he would only
Islam Q&A, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in My father had a son born to him and he invited this man on the day that I gave him some blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to her: Do not go to the extreme in A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the authenticity of this hadith. Indeed, they led the way in referring to it as mutilation; from 1929 the Kenya Missionary Council called it the "sexual mutilation of women", following the lead of Marion Scott Stevenson, a Church of Scotland missionary. The Arabic word, bazr, from the circumcision hadith, is alternatively translated as prepuce of the clitoris or the clitoris itself. swore~ It is also narrated from the Prophet (S.A.S) that he said, 'There are five acts which conform to the pure nature: circumcision, removing the pubic hair, clipping the nails, removing the underarm hair and trimming the moustache'. [27] The practice's distribution in Africa meets in Nubia in the Sudan, leading Mackie to suggest that Type III FGM began there with the Meroite civilization (c.800BCEc.350CE) to increase confidence in paternity. Imam Abu Dawud (rahimahullah) has declared this Hadith weak. See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah by al-Albani, no. prepared some food for you and I would like you to bring some nobles with concerning circumcision, such as the hadeeth in al-Bukhaari (5891) and Said said, "There is a man who has had intercourse
obligatory for them. He said, Until the glans (tip of the penis) becomes visible. ", An old woman from Kufa, the grandmother of 'Ali ibn Ghurab, reported The Muslim are obliged to follow not only Allah's message in the Holy Qur'an but also what the Prophet said or did, as proof of their dedication to Islam.". But we would The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Shfi school instead regards it as binding on all Muslims, both males and females. Mohammad Salim al-Awa states that, while the hadith is authentic, it is not evidence of support for FGM. Boolean Operators e.g. "He must sacrifice an animal and do hajj again in another year. In the male it is also called i'dhar. dates into the child's mouth. Retrieved 16 April 2017. It was narrated that Umar said to a woman who circumcised females, Leave some of it if you circumcise (a girl). Al-Khallal said in his Jami: What is cut when circumcising: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn told me that al-Fadl ibn Ziyad told them: Ahmad was asked, How much should be cut in circumcision? cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband. This removing the prepuce (Ar. explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. "[64] Mohamed Salim Al-Awwa writes that it is unclear whether these requirements were meant for females. [35], According to UNICEF, over 200 million women in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Southeast Asia have been subjected to the practice and are living with female genital mutilation. Lengthy analysis are posted on www.Al-Miftah.com, 183 Musgrave Road,Durban, 4001, South Africa scholars are of the view that it is not obligatory in the case of women; Geneva: World Health Organization. Circumcision Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was circumcised when he was eighty years old. For example test* would result in test, tester, testers, etc. Tel : (+27) 31 2011 824. him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: Do not cut too muchas that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband, (Sunan Abi Dawud, Hadith: 5229, Mustadrak Hakim, vol. This suggests that the
peace, was circumcised when he was 120 years old. De Buck, Adriaan and Gardiner, Alan (1961). circumcised parts meet. They should go into ihram at the same place where they went into ihram
cloak and Musa broke his fast. Qursafa from the Banu Kinana who had been one of the Companions of the This hadith suggests that both male and female circumcision was recognized by the Prophet. The . An example are the Persians, which practiced neither male nor female circumcision before the advent of Islam. Fuzzy Search e.g. They quote Al ibn Ab lib as saying: "If a man becomes Muslim, he must submit to circumcision even if he is 80 years old. another report: Take only a little and do not go to extremes., It is also The one who is uncircumcised is called aghlaf or aqlaf. (Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Sunan, Kitab
(3), Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation' by, For more details on the above fatwas and more on the background of the issue and its medical considerations look at ', Muhammad Munir published in International Review of Law (2014) and '. ' [21] 3 pg. According to tradition Muhammad was born without a foreskin (aposthetic). Sahiyo. The age at which it is performed varies depending on family, region and country. said, 'Do you have any dates with you?' "Will the Syedna finally denounce khatna now?". A: comment by Sheikh 'Abd al-Wakil Durubi;
emission if it is the result of bodily contact. It is important that no urine is left on the body. This is the view of Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him). `Umdat as-Salik by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1386),
Malik ibn al-Mundhir) He went to some of the old people The custom is also done in Muslim areas in the Balkans where the celebration is called "Synet". It was narrated that he was the first one who was circumcised, as mentioned above. Circumcision is Sunnah for men and women. Malik said, "They should both sacrifice an animal." [76] According to a 20152016 survey, over 80 percent of 365 Dawoodi Bohra women surveyed wanted the practice to end. [77] In 2017 two doctors and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in the United States. According to (1999). 'Yes,' I replied. (n.d.): 5455, Malik ibn Anas, Ketab al-mowatta, Volume I, pages 45-47, traditions 70-75. ed. "Circumcision is obligatory for men, and it is an honour for women, but it is not
[2][12] This has also been attested by the classical Muslim scholar al-Ji,[7][13] as well as by the Roman-Jewish historian Flavius Josephus. Get him of Islamic law which states in English translation: e4.3 Circumcision is obligatory (O: for both men and women. the pubes, trimming the moustache, cutting the nails and plucking the armpit Open in a separate window Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to Allah, does good, and follows the way of Ibrahim the true in Faith? [CDATA[ Until the 1980s FGM was widely known as female circumcision, which gave the erroneous impression that it was equivalent in severity and health effects to male circumcision. her while she is doing umra, she must repeat the umra she has spoiled and
Wasa'il al-shi'ah ila tahsil masa'il al-shariah. "Fatwa", in Suad, Joseph and Afsaneh, Najmabadi, eds. [7][24], Despite its common practice in Muslim-majority nations, circumcision is considered to be sunnah (tradition) and not required for a life directed by Allah. Some of them said, "They should be kept apart until a future year," and
[7] Post-Islamic converts such as Afshin were found guilty in trials of remaining uncircumcised. [26] The practice is both "contiguously distributed and contagious", he writes: "It spreads across groups as more resource-endowed males encounter less resource-endowed females in circumstances of inequality." Imams Abu Dawud, Hakim (rahimahumallah) and others have recorded the following narration: Ummu Atiyyah Al Ansariyyah (radiyallahu anha) reports that a woman would perform circumcision in Madinah. [12] The practice isn't required by most forms of Islam and fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] or leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. The ritual dates back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad. [57], The various schools of Islamic jurisprudence have expressed differing views on FGM. and none
Get him out! a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the
as insult against a non-Muslim by Muslim. [1][2] According to Shfi and anbal jurists both male and female circumcision are legally obligatory for Muslims,[1][2] although anaf jurists also consider circumcision to be recommendable exclusively for Muslim males on the seventh day after birth. He brought us some food, but Musa held back //]]>, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. Some of the authentic . Both Jews and Muslims legislate circumcision, a commandment that originated with the Prophet Ibrahim , the first to practice circumcision in accordance with the divine directive. "Five practices are characteristics of the Fitra: circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the moustaches short, clipping the nails, and depilating the hair of the armpits." dates. 'Umar said, 'We Al-furu'min al-kafi. [3] Male circumcision is widespread in the Muslim world,[3] and accepted as an established practice by all Islamic schools of jurisprudence. ", Bilal ibn Ka'b al-'Ukki said, "We - Ibrahim ibn Adham, 'Abdu'l-'Aziz That is if her husband has
five things or five things are part of the fitrah circumcision, shaving This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. large, then part of it should be removed, otherwise it should be left alone. [16] It has been found among Coptic Christians in Egypt, Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, and Protestants and Catholics in Sudan and Kenya. "[55] Ekmeleddin hsanolu, Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation said in 2012 that FGM was "a ritual that has survived over centuries and must be stopped as Islam does not support it". pledge^4 hijrah parts, even if there is no emission. It is essential that every Muslim washes before praying. days and shave his pubic hair every month. Hence immoral actions are more common among the women of the Tatars and the Franks, that are not found among the Muslim women. If I make Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was in this mosque should be paid, regardless of the difference of opinion among the scholars [36], The Bible does not mention FGM. do not go to extremes in circumcising); that is better for the
[42] In Arabic, the practice is referred to as khaf (Arabic: ) or khifa (Arabic: ). intercourse with her while she is doing hajj. [87] The practice is forbidden in the Bah' Faith.[88]. Then he lived eighty [78], In Pakistan and India female genital mutilation is practiced by Muslims of the Dawoodi Bohra and Sheedi communities, who believe that it leads to purity. If he has intercourse with
It is also made necessary by an
1938. We do not know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah Imam Ahmad said: Ibn 'Abbas was very strict on this matter, and it was narrated that there is no Hajj and no prayer for him, i.e., if a person is not circumcised his Hajj and prayer are not valid. (this is called HufaaD).". ", "Considering Converting: Is it necessary to be circumcised? edited and translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, Revised Edition 1994, p. 59;
ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: What is meant by this [1][23], Circumcision was introduced to many lands of the Middle East and North Africa for the first time through Islam itself following the early Muslim conquests under the Rshidn Caliphate, whose commanders were the companions and contemporaries of Muhammad. that the above translation of the Manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh)
Greeks and Abyssinians became Muslim with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah him peace, and I fed them and they made supplication. Yusuf ibn Abd-al-Barr commented: "Those who consider (female) circumcision a sunna, use as evidence this hadith of Abu al-Malih, which is based solely on the evidence of Hajjaj ibn Artaa, who cannot be admitted as an authority when he is the sole transmitter. Is there a Hadith regarding female circumcision? Answer Imams Abu Dawud, Hakim (rahimahumallah) and others have recorded the following narration: Ummu 'Atiyyah Al Ansariyyah (radiyallahu 'anha) reports that a woman would perform circumcision in Madinah. The Prophet said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband." Lord of the Worlds.'". (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152) History of circumcision [3] The circumciser can be either male or female,[3] and is not required to be a Muslim. The Messenger of Allah said to the woman who did circumcisions: Leave something sticking out and do not go to extremes in cutting. Muslims are still the largest single religious group to circumcise boys. [30] Spell 1117 of the Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts may refer to an uncircumcised girl ('m't), although there is disagreement about the word's meaning. In the case of a woman, it means cutting the skin that looks like the comb of a rooster at the top of the vagina, between the two labia; if it is cut the base of it should be left like a date pit. [65], According to William Clarence-Smith, Islamic Southeast Asia "overwhelmingly" follows the Shafi`i school of law, the only one to make FGM obligatory. And Allah knows best. Campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya, Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, "Classification of female genital mutilation", Social Dynamics of Abandonment of Harmful Practices: A New Look at the Theory, "Care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "In Mauritania, progress made in ending female genital mutilation/cutting", "Religious fatwa for banning all forms of FGM/C", "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", "Iraqi Kurdistan: FGM Fatwa Positive, but Not Definitive", "Editorial: The Jewish And Christian View On Female Genital Mutilation", Female genital mutilation survey in Somaliland, "Female Genital Cutting: The Beginning of the End", "Islam and Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", "Egypt mufti says female circumcision forbidden", "Secretary general of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation speaks in Jakarta at conference on the role of women in development", "Islamischer Zentralrat verteidigt die Beschneidung von Mdchen", "Mutilating bodies: the Muslim Brotherhood's gift to Egyptian women", "Islamic Ruling on Male and Female Circumcision", "Female Circumcision in Indonesia: To Islamize in Ceremony or Secrecy", "The Practice of Female Circumcision in Malaysia", "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", "Indonesian Ulema in favour of female circumcision: a 'human right'", "MUI pushes government to circumcise girls", "Has female genital mutilation been an old and common practice in history? He was circumcised He went on, 'I made a lot of supplication This is the opinion of many scholars. [25], In the Sunn branch of Islam, the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence have different opinions and attitudes towards circumcision:[1] some state that it's recommendable, others that it's permissible but not binding, while others regard it as a legal obligation. [36] It is not in the Quran,[37]:10041005 and the Islamic position on it was historically unclear, with a few supposedly "weak" hadith encouraging it, and others discouraging it. He was circumcised and the Christians affirm that, and do not deny that, as they also affirm that he was forbidden the flesh of pigs (Tuhfat al-Mawdud, p. 158-159). I.e. Wildcards e.g. Circumcision is obligatory in the case of men and Sunnah in the case of women. Kindly refer to a reputable Mufti/Darul Ifta for juristic ruling regarding female circumcision.
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