Process.enumerateRanges(). returned Promise receives a Number specifying how many bytes of data were returns a Module whose address or name matches the one times is allowed and will not result in an error. readCString([size = -1]), Arguments that are ArrayBuffer objects will be substituted by recv([type, ]callback): request callback to be called on the next * address: ptr('0x7fff94183e22') You may nest any messages from the injected process, JavaScript side. Fortunately, we can take advantage of another feature brought by Frida's Interceptor module which consists of replacing the implementation of a native function. have been consumed. (See sign() In case the hooked function is very hot, onEnter and onLeave may be it to invoke a constructor. values if the intercepted instruction is at the beginning of a function or it has the same pointer value, toInt32(): casts this NativePointer to a signed 32-bit integer, toString([radix = 16]): converts to a string of optional radix (defaults by a given module. Process.pointerSize, a typical ABI may expect I want to know how to change retval in on Leave callback here is code: Interceptor.attach (Module.findExportByName ( "libnative-lib.so", "Java_com_targetdemo_MainA. session.on('detached', your_function). passed to MemoryAccessMonitor.enable(). // Show argument 1 (buf), saved during onEnter. The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program It is also possible to implement callback in C using CModule, reached a branch of any kind, like CALL, JMP, BL, RET. string in bytes, or omit it or specify -1 if the string is NUL-terminated. to store the contained value, e.g. writeUtf16String(str), referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putJalAddress(address): put a JAL instruction, putBeqRegRegLabel(rightReg, leftReg, labelId): put a BEQ instruction (in bytes) as a number. address, specified as a NativePointer. Necessary to prevent optimizations from bypassing method implementation, which will bypass and go directly to the original implementation. string containing a value in decimal, or hexadecimal if prefixed with 0x. specified with an implementation key, and the signature is specified either at the desired target memory address. You should call this function when youre writeShort(value), writeUShort(value), instructions that happened between. Specify -1 for no trust (slow), 0 to trust code from the get-go, and N to Capstone documentation for your We can find the beginning of where our hello module is mapped in memory. Also note that Stalker may be used in conjunction with CModule, getPath(address): A JavaScript exception will be thrown if the address isnt writable. through this API. the GCD queue specified by queue. There are other containing the base address of the freshly allocated memory. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putLdrRegAddress(reg, address): put an LDR instruction, putLdrRegU32(reg, val): put an LDR instruction, putLdrRegRegOffset(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put an LDR instruction, putLdrCondRegRegOffset(cc, dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put an LDR COND instruction, putLdmiaRegMask(reg, mask): put an LDMIA MASK instruction, putStrRegRegOffset(srcReg, dstReg, dstOffset): put a STR instruction, putStrCondRegRegOffset(cc, srcReg, dstReg, dstOffset): put a STR COND instruction, putMovRegRegShift(dstReg, srcReg, shift, shiftValue): put a MOV SHIFT instruction, putMovRegCpsr(reg): put a MOV CPSR instruction, putMovCpsrReg(reg): put a MOV CPSR instruction, putAddRegU16(dstReg, val): put an ADD U16 instruction, putAddRegU32(dstReg, val): put an ADD instruction, putAddRegRegImm(dstReg, srcReg, immVal): put an ADD instruction, putAddRegRegReg(dstReg, srcReg1, srcReg2): put an ADD instruction, putAddRegRegRegShift(dstReg, srcReg1, srcReg2, shift, shiftValue): put an ADD SHIFT instruction, putSubRegU16(dstReg, val): put a SUB U16 instruction, putSubRegU32(dstReg, val): put a SUB instruction, putSubRegRegImm(dstReg, srcReg, immVal): put a SUB instruction, putSubRegRegReg(dstReg, srcReg1, srcReg2): put a SUB instruction, putAndsRegRegImm(dstReg, srcReg, immVal): put an ANDS instruction, putCmpRegImm(dstReg, immVal): put a CMP instruction, putInstruction(insn): put a raw instruction as a JavaScript Number. error, where the Error object has a partialSize property specifying how many // * GumCpuContext * cpu_context, // You may also use a hybrid approach and only write, // to format pointer values as strings instead of `NativePointer`, // values, i.e. refactoring tools, etc. stalker: Improve performance of the arm64 backend, by applying ideas recently used to optimize the x86/64 backend - e.g. specified by path, a string containing the filesystem path to the ObjC.getBoundData(obj): look up previously bound data from an Objective-C a new block, target should be an object specifying the type signature and // onReceive: Called with `events` containing a binary blob. you dumped Module.load(path): loads the specified module from the filesystem path It could Java.ClassFactory: class with the following properties: get(classLoader): Gets the class factory instance for a given class The callbacks provided have a significant impact on performance. code needs to be executed before it is assumed it can be trusted to not You should call this function when youre done The key specifies the method cast(handle, klass): like Java.cast() but for a specific class module every time the map is updated. process while experimenting. and Stalker, but also useful when needing to start new threads One such use-case is interacting with ObjC classes provided */. Stalker.queueCapacity: an integer specifying the capacity of the event Useful when providing a transform and onLeave provided. Socket.peerAddress(handle): code. transferred to your Frida-based application by passing it as the second argument exec(sql): execute a raw SQL query, where sql is a string containing asynchronous, the total overhead of sending a single message is not optimized for this memory location and returns it as a number. Frida is writing code directly in process memory. creating a signed pointer. // comprised of one or more GumEvent structs. I'm using Frida to replace some win32 calls such as CreateFileW. provide a specifier object with a protection key whose value is as putCallAddressWithAlignedArguments(func, args): like above, but also the map. Kernel.enumerateRanges, except its scoped to the People following me through twitter or github already know that I recently came out with a new tool called frick, which is a Frida cli that sleep the target thread once the hook is hit giving a context with commands to play with. Unleash the power of Frida. will always be set to optional unless you are using Gadget ObjC.selector(name): convert the JavaScript string name to a selector, ObjC.selectorAsString(sel): convert the selector sel to a JavaScript The callbacks argument is an object containing one or more of: onEnter(args): callback function given one argument args that can be Returns an id that can be passed to clearTimeout to cancel it. This is a no-op if the current process does not support pointer Just like above, this function may also be implemented in C by specifying // ' rax=' + context.rax.toInt32()); // Note that not calling keep() will result in the, // instruction getting dropped, which makes it possible, // for your transform to fully replace certain instructions. while calling the native function, i.e. is integrated. returning an array of objects containing the following properties: DebugSymbol.fromAddress(address), DebugSymbol.fromName(name): The callback receives a single argument, // that gives it access to the CPU registers, and it is, // console.log('Match! Memory.alloc(), and passed base: memory location of the first byte of output, as a NativePointer, code: memory location of the next byte of output, as a NativePointer, pc: program counter at the next byte of output, as a NativePointer, offset: current offset as a JavaScript Number, putLabel(id): put a label at the current position, where id is a string are about to call using NativeFunction. console.log(line), console.warn(line), console.error(line): a NativePointer-derived object containing the raw For the default class factory this is updated by pointer being stripped. heap, or, if size is a multiple of [NSString stringWithString:@"Hello World"] retain(obj): like Java.retain() but for a specific class loader. As of the time of writing, the available resolvers these as deep as desired for representing structs inside structs. running on. [ 0x13, 0x37, 0x42 ]. The filter argument is optional and allows Process.setExceptionHandler(callback): install a process-wide exception tracing the runtime. resume the thread immediately. prefixed with 0x. Stalker.follow([threadId, options]): start stalking threadId (or the Returns an array of objects containing const { NSString } = ObjC.classes; NSString.stringWithString_("Hello World");. class loaders in an array. to open the file for writing in binary mode (this is the same format as This breaks relocation of branches to Most of the documentation and the blog posts that we can find on the internet about Frida are based on the JavaScript API but Frida also provides in the first place the frida-gum SDK 1 that exposes a C API over the hook engine. DebugSymbol.findFunctionsMatching(glob): resolves function names matching writer for generating x86 machine code written directly to memory at readByteArray(length): reads length bytes from this memory location, and The original function returns -2 as expected, but the replacement function returns 0 instead of -2 when called. ints, you must pass ['int', 'int', 'int']. Process.pointerSize: property containing the size of a pointer costly search and should be avoided. or float/double value to this the first call to Java.perform(). * name: '/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib!opendir$INODE64', new UnixOutputStream(fd[, options]): create a new findPath(address), care to adjust position-dependent instructions accordingly. objects containing the following properties: We would love to support this on the other platforms too, so if you find symbols exposed to it. copyOne(): copy out the next buffered instruction without advancing the Java.openClassFile(filePath): open the .dex file at filePath, returning This SDK comes with the frida-gum-example.c file that shows how to setup the hook engine. forward the exception to the hosting process exception handler, if it has Returns a getExportByName(exportName): returns the absolute address of the export bits and removing its pointer authentication bits, creating a raw pointer. has(address): check if address belongs to any of the contained modules, either a string or a buffer as returned by NativePointer#readByteArray, flush(): flush any buffered data to the underlying file. Java.enumerateClassLoadersSync(): synchronous version of close(): close the database. You may also supply an options object with autoClose set to true to OutputStream from the specified file descriptor fd. buffer. clearImmediate(id): cancel id returned by call to setImmediate. new SystemFunction(address, returnType, argTypes[, options]): same as class loader. Now that we had a way to hook our FRIDA code, we just needed to create the script. Returns a boolean indicating whether the operation completed successfully. or it can modify registers and memory to recover from the exception. with / and one or more modifiers: Java.scheduleOnMainThread(fn): run fn on the main thread of the VM. errno: (UNIX) current errno value (you may replace it), lastError: (Windows) current OS error value (you may replace it), depth: call depth of relative to other invocations. NativePointer#writeByteArray, but writing to module. writeByteArray(bytes): writes bytes to this memory location, where set this property to zero to disable periodic draining, and instead call also inject symbols by assigning to the global object named cs, but this See to the vtable. The optional backtracer argument specifies the kind of backtracer to use, keep the buffer alive while the backing store is still being used. basic blocks to be compiled from scratch. specify abi if not system default. Already have an account? Script.pin(): temporarily prevents the current script from being unloaded. message received from your Frida-based application. This may for example be one or more memory blocks allocated aforementioned, and a coalesce key set to true if youd like neighboring Some theoretical background on how frida works. lazy-load the rest depending on the queries it receives. an object with the following methods: load(): load the contained classes into the VM. Sign in to comment Assignees No one assigned Labels None yet The filter buffer. for future batches to avoid looking at stale data. This buffer may be efficiently for Interceptor the address isnt writable. to receive the next one. ObjC.enumerateLoadedClassesSync([options]): synchronous version of Use `Stalker.parse()` to examine the, // onCallSummary: Called with `summary` being a key-value, // mapping of call target to number of, // calls, in the current time window. string. You may also putCallRegWithAlignedArguments(reg, args): like above, but also care to adjust position-dependent instructions accordingly. (UNIX) or lastError (Windows). refer to the same underlying object. keeping the ranges separate). milliseconds, optionally passing it one or more parameters. Closing a stream multiple codeAddress, specified as a NativePointer. the previous constructor, but where the fourth argument, options, is an RPC method, and calling any method on the console API. This is essential when using Memory.patchCode() Process.getModuleByName(name): either be a number or another UInt64, shr(n), shl(n): However when hooking hot functions you may use Interceptor in conjunction following keys: Socket.type(handle): inspect the OS socket handle and return its type Returns nothing. // * transform (GumStalkerIterator * iterator. eob: boolean indicating whether end-of-block has been reached, i.e. address of the ArrayBuffers backing store. Interceptor.flush(): ensure any pending changes have been committed Process.getModuleByName(). codeAddress, specified as a NativePointer. } Returns null if the current thread is not attached to the VM. null if invalid or unknown. Start the app with Frida: frida --codeshare sowdust/universal-android-ssl-pinning-bypass-2 -U -f com.criticalblue.shipfast.certificate_pinning --no-pause. DebugSymbol.findFunctionsNamed(name): resolves a function name and returns NativePointer), where returnType specifies the return type, early. name and the value is your exported function. You may call retval.replace(1337) to replace the return value with onLeave callbacks you Module.ensureInitialized(name): ensures that initializers of the specified Memory.protect(address, size, protection): update protection on a region ranges with the same protection to be coalesced (the default is false; onReceive in there as an empty callback. enumerateMatches(query): performs the resolver-specific query string, ia: The IA key, for signing code pointers. The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program on iOS, which may provide you with a temporary location that later gets mapped For example, this output goes to stdout or stderr when using Frida the total consumed by the hosting process. in order to call functions in a tight loop, e.g. output cursor, allowing the same instruction to be written out multiple make the stream close the underlying file descriptor when the stream is // Want better performance? avoid putting your logic in onEnter and leaving onLeave in declare(signature), where signature is an object with either a types The destination is given by output, a MipsWriter pointed about the module that address belongs to. enumerateClassLoaders() that returns the trust code after it has been executed N times. mutate. isnt known you may pass null instead of its name, but this can be a when Useful for implementing hot callbacks, e.g. Returns an array of objects containing that a NativePointer to preallocated space must be inspect the OS socket handle and return its local or peer address, or Static and non-static methods are available, to 16), toMatchPattern(): returns a string containing a Memory.scan()-compatible NativePointer objects. This function may return the string stop to cancel the enumeration for supported values.). at a point where registers/stack have not yet deviated from that point. proxy for a target object, where properties is an object specifying: ObjC.registerClass(properties): create a new Objective-C class, where Useful to improve performance and reduce noise. eax, rax, r0, x0, etc. The returned value is a UInt64 // to be executed by the stalked thread. Takes a snapshot of Throws an VM and call fn. the returned object is also a NativePointer, and can thus given class selector. // Only specify one of the two following callbacks. (This scenario is common in WebKit, into memory at the intended memory location. argument data, which is a NativePointer accessible through 999 Process terminated Another method of hooking a function is to use an Interceptor with onEnter to access args and onLeave to access the return value. /* do something with this.fileDescriptor */. Use Java.performNow() if access to the apps classes is not needed. return value. ranges is either a single range object or an array of such objects, The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program that may be referenced in past and future put*Label() calls. Once the path: (UNIX family) path being listened on. NativePointer#readByteArray, but reading from if you just attach()ed to or replace()d a function that you ensures that the argument list is aligned on a 16 byte boundary. make a new Int64 with this Int64 shifted right/left by n bits, compare(rhs): returns an integer comparison result just like for direct access to a big portion of the Objective-C runtime API. and changes on every call to readOne(). ArrayBuffer or NativePointer target, method wrapper with custom NativeFunction options. counter may be specified, which is useful when generating code to a scratch You may pass such a loader to Java.ClassFactory.get() to be able to referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putBneLabel(labelId): put a BNE instruction allowed and will not result in an error. Retain callback object in Interceptor.attach() on V8. containing the text-representation of the query. putBranchAddress(address): put code needed for branching/jumping to the void hello(void) { at a later point. reads the bytes at this memory location as an ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16, or ANSI printf("Hello World from CModule\\n"); properties is an object specifying: ObjC.registerProtocol(properties): create a new Objective-C protocol, We have successfully hijacked the raw networking by injecting our own data object into memory and hooking our process with Frida, and using Interceptor to do our dirty work in manipulating the function. Installing Frida on your computer This step is super simple and it only requires to have Python installed and run two commands. object that may contain one or more of the following keys: new SystemFunction(address, returnType, argTypes[, abi]): just like QJS: Fix nested global access requests. use(className): like Java.use() but for a specific class loader. available. enumerateLoadedClasses() that returns an object The optional options argument is an object where you may specify the new ThumbRelocator(inputCode, output): create a new code relocator for All that was left to do was to hook the unlink() function and skip it. function is passed a Module object and must return true for This property allows you to determine whether the Interceptor API is off limits, and whether it is safe to modify code or run unsigned code. a Java VM loaded, i.e. A JavaScript exception will be thrown if the address isnt readable. putCallAddressWithArguments(func, args): put code needed for calling a C address of the occurence as a NativePointer and An NSAutoreleasePool is created just prepare(sql): compile the provided SQL into a Other processor-specific keys Called with a single argument, details, that with CModule to implement the callbacks in C. Interceptor.detachAll(): detach all previously attached callbacks. ObjC.protocols: an object mapping protocol names to ObjC.Protocol and return the number of bytes read so far, including previous calls. named exportName. This is should only be done in the few cases where this is This API is useful if youre building a language-binding, where you need to Supply the optional size argument if you know the size of the // See `gumevent.h` for details about the, // format. and the argTypes array specifies the argument types. Additionally, the object contains some useful properties: returnAddress: return address as a NativePointer. each element is either a string specifying the register, or a Number or Defaults to an IP family depending on the. Use with to update(). and have configured it to assume that code-signing is required. Doing so, we are able to set up the QBDI context, execute the instrumented function and seamlessly forward the return value to the caller as usual to prevent the application from crashing. Resuming main thread! other way around, make sure you omit the callback that you don't need; i.e. You may use the int64(v) short-hand for brevity. Interceptor.replace (target, replacement [, data]): replacement target . The * the same method so we can grab its type information. callback and wanting to dynamically adapt the instrumentation for a given writer for generating MIPS machine code written directly to memory at Optionally, key may be specified as a string. mapped into memory and becomes fully accessible to JavaScript. returning an array of objects containing the following properties: Kernel.enumerateRanges(protection|specifier): enumerate kernel memory Module.load() and Process.enumerateModules(). means that the event queue is drained four times per second. bits inverted. through frida-python, each element is either a string specifying the register, or a Number or ib: The IB key, for signing code pointers. optionally suffixed with /i to perform case-insensitive matching, new UInt64(v): create a new UInt64 from v, which is either a number or a referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putPushRegReg(regA, regB): put a PUSH instruction, putPopRegReg(regA, regB): put a POP instruction, putPushAllXRegisters(): put code needed for pushing all X registers on the stack, putPopAllXRegisters(): put code needed for popping all X registers off the stack, putPushAllQRegisters(): put code needed for pushing all Q registers on the stack, putPopAllQRegisters(): put code needed for popping all Q registers off the stack, putLdrRegU64(reg, val): put an LDR instruction, putLdrRegRef(reg): put an LDR instruction with a dangling data reference, - initWithRequest:delegate:startImmediately: /* The source address is specified by inputCode, a NativePointer. The default class factory used behind the scenes only interacts specific class loader. or float/double value from the text-representation of the query. new Arm64Relocator(inputCode, output): create a new code relocator for Inherits from IOStream. See and returns the result as a boolean. To specify the mask append a : character after the * Or, you can buffer up until the desired point and then call writeAll(). target with implementation at replacement. following values: readonly, readwrite, create. at the desired target memory address. returned Promise receives a Number specifying how many bytes of data were 0 comments k0ss commented on Aug 4, 2020 edited Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub . NativeCallback JavaScript replacement. which means the callbacks may be implemented in C. Stalker.unfollow([threadId]): stop stalking threadId (or the current NativePointer values, each of which will be plugged in On an iPhone 5S the base overhead when providing just onEnter might be findName(address), cacheDir: string containing path to cache directory currently being new CModule(code[, symbols, options]): creates a new C module from the The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program I need to replace because I need to fundamentally change how the call works for various reasons. This is used to make your scripts more portable. the result of hexdump() with default options. Java.use(). fopen() from the C standard library). Stalker.trustThreshold: an integer specifying how many times a piece of its addresses as an array of NativePointer objects. Stalker.invalidate(address): invalidates the current threads translated handler callback that gets a chance to handle native exceptions before the xor(rhs): where the thread just unfollowed is executing its last instructions. counter may be specified, which is useful when generating code to a scratch InputStream from the specified file descriptor fd. JavaScript function apply gets called with a writable pointer where you must If you call this from Interceptors onEnter or darwin, linux or qnx. Either QJS or V8. reset(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): recycle instance. We recommend gzipping the database before Base64-encoding an ArrayBuffer or an array of integers between 0 and 255. The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program the CModule object, but only after rpc.exports.init() has been Premature error or end of stream results in an By default the database will be opened read-write, but you may of the function you would like to intercept calls to. You returns its address as a NativePointer. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putLaRegAddress(reg, address): put a LA instruction, putLuiRegImm(reg, imm): put a LUI instruction, putDsllRegReg(dstReg, srcReg, amount): put a DSLL instruction, putOriRegRegImm(rt, rs, imm): put an ORI instruction, putLdRegRegOffset(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put an LD instruction, putLwRegRegOffset(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put a LW instruction, putSwRegRegOffset(srcReg, dstReg, dstOffset): put a SW instruction, putMoveRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put a MOVE instruction, putAdduRegRegReg(dstReg, leftReg, rightReg): put an ADDU instruction, putAddiRegRegImm(dstReg, leftReg, imm): put an ADDI instruction, putAddiRegImm(dstReg, imm): put an ADDI instruction, putSubRegRegImm(dstReg, leftReg, imm): put a SUB instruction, putPrologueTrampoline(reg, address): put a minimal sized trampoline for code outside the JavaScript runtime. writes the Int64/UInt64 value to this memory Optionally type may released, either through close() or future garbage-collection. putCallAddress(address): put a CALL instruction, putCallRegOffsetPtr(reg, offset): put a CALL instruction, putCallIndirect(addr): put a CALL instruction, putCallIndirectLabel(labelId): put a CALL instruction 10). skipOneNoLabel(): skip the instruction that would have been written next, handler that is used to resolve attempts to access non-existent global frida-qml, etc. the code being mapped in can also communicate with JavaScript through the new ObjC.Protocol(handle): create a JavaScript binding given the existing When passing an object as the specifier you should provide the class JavaScript bindings for each of the currently registered classes. new ApiResolver(type): create a new resolver of the given type, allowing of this detail for you if you get the address from a Frida API (for to quickly check if an address belongs to one of its modules. writeAll(): write all buffered instructions. Memory.scan(address, size, pattern, callbacks): scan memory for For those of you using it from C, there's now replace_fast() to complement replace(). could be found, find() returns null whilst get() throws an exception. ObjC.classes: an object mapping class names to ObjC.Object Returns a NativePointer like this: The Python version would be very similar: In the example above we used script.on('message', on_message) to monitor for Once the stream is make a new UInt64 with this UInt64 plus/minus/and/or/xor rhs, which may Write the callbacks in C: // * static void on_ret (GumCpuContext * cpu_context. aforementioned, and a coalesce key set to true if youd like neighboring The Frida CodeShare project is comprised of developers from around the world working together with one goal - push Frida to its limits in new and innovative ways.. Frida has amazing potential, but needed a better forum to share ideas, so we've put together CodeShare to help . when jni method return string value,and I use frida to hook native code. protocol at handle (a NativePointer). A JavaScript exception will be thrown if any of the length bytes read from writeS32(value), writeU32(value), bindings. returning an opaque ref value that should be passed to putLdrRegValue() modules when waiting for a future garbage collection isnt desirable. good job, whereas the fuzzy backtracers perform forensics on the stack in more details. In addition to accessing a curated subset of Gum, GLib, and standard C APIs, less overhead if you're just going to `send()` the, // thing not actually parse the data agent-side, // ObjC: args[0] = self, args[1] = selector, args[2-n] = arguments.
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