4 How does geography affect society culture and trade? She has been a classroom teacher for more than 16 years and currently works at an international baccalaureate middle school located in Houston, TX. What are the major teachings of Buddhism? Those texts usually have been interpreted in tradition-specific ways that reinforce internal theological principals and religious identities and leave no natural reason, on the basis of their texts, to understand Baal-Hadad, Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir as anything other than discrete, unrelated figures from within their respective and separate religious communities. Daniel Schwemer argues that the relative significance and sphere of activities of the individual storm-gods was dependent, among other things, on the climatic conditions in the individual regions (Schwemer 2007, 129-130). Much of Chinas cultural development has been accomplished with relatively little outside influence, the introduction of Buddhism from India constituting a major exception. Haddad, Hassan S. 1969. Religious conflicts can be avoided by understanding and compassion. In some areas of China, especially in the southwest, many different ethnic groups are geographically intermixed, including Buyi, Miao, Dong, Tibetans, Mongolians, and others. 2014. Geography, and the geological formations and climatological effects derived thereby, have a distinct shaping influence on the everyday lives of people who live in particular areas. Today, religious beliefs continue shaping the decisions and practices of people in East Asia, including a growing number of Christians throughout the region. Cultural diffusion spreads as cultures interact with each other. To fully appreciate China's broad geographic and cultural diversity, one needs to identify general characteristics that act as . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Time Geography Overview & Examples | What is Time Geography? Hindu Deities | Who Are the Main Hindu Gods? Thus, India in historical times had political and commercial interaction from the east with China. These terrains were dangerous for Armies to travel. What is the relationship between culture and geography? Thus, when we study the Levant, we are confronted with a limestone bedrock landscape, as well as an agriculturally oriented location that simultaneously is arid, and in which water from rainfall always has constituted the main source of water for crop growth and for the success or failure of its human populations. She has a Master's degree in History. The tropical rainforests, or jungles, kept China from expanding south, and the cold tundra across the Tibetan Plateau kept them from expanding north. The steps needed by a person to become good and prevent himself/herself from becoming evil. What is the importance of our faith in God?a. Since the 1960s, the field of Geography of Religion has evolved in various ways, but one of its more important contributions is the contextualization of religion that is evident in local, geographically oriented studies of religion (Stump 2008, 177; Knott 2010, 476-491). China's main tropical rainforest is found in the Hainan Province. A traveler can reach populations of people in whichever direction he decides to go to, whether he was on foot or on the back of an animal. Being located exactly at the convergence of three continental plates the African, Arabian, and Eurasian has created the topography of the region and has resulted in three topographical zones: coastal plains in the west, a central band of mountain ranges, and plains and plateaus in the east. 2010. All rights reserved. In India the himalayan mountains to north protected from invasions until the Mongols occupied some of the subcontinent territories. Probably the single most identifiable characteristic of China to the people of the rest of the world is the size of its population. It has very diverse geographical features across the country, from many seas and mountains to deserts and tundra. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Munich: De Gruyter. Influence of geography on language development can be of many types: 1. The second tropical rainforest is the Xishuangbanna in the Yunnan Province, located on the southwest tip of China. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. However, unlike in Mesopotamia, with the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, or in Egypt, with the Nile River, the Levant lacks similarly large and annually flooding rivers that can be used as water resources and for largescale irrigation. Throughout the second half of the second millennium BCE and the first millennium BCE, Baal-Hadad often was named the patron deity of particular cities, inspiring local epithets of Baal-Hadad that linked him with those cities (e.g., Baal of Tyre, Baal of Aleppo). In southern Mesopotamia, the Sumerian god Ikur was responsible for storms, wind, lightning, rain, and thunder, but generally, he belonged to a less-important category of the great gods. Yes. 2007. Where did civilization begin. Geographers also take account of laws and social norms that shape religious practice in the present. In many North African and Middle Eastern countries, on the other hand, Islam is dominant. Typically, mountains and rivers have become barriers for human expansion in the past. Geography does not only affect particular religions system, such as the world's major faiths, are located but it can affect how specific beliefs are practiced and attitude. The Himalayan Mountains have the highest elevation in the world, with Mt. Agrarian religion in the Levant, in Grehans formulation, was driven by geographical influences and characterized by sacred sites, essential agricultural needs, shared religious culture, and saints and holy figures. 1: 144. My own book Sacred Worlds: an introduction to Geography and Religion, was published in 1994. Thus, the study of religion is a fruitful and important areas of inquiry. China has mountains, plateaus, deserts, and tropical rainforests. A normal spirit.d. What are the effects of geography on language development? I feel like its a lifeline. But geography does have a distinct shaping influence on religion. China, Chinese (Pinyin) Zhonghua or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chung-hua, also spelled (Pinyin) Zhongguo or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chung-kuo, officially People's Republic of China or Chinese (Pinyin) Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chung-hua Jen-min Kung-ho-kuo, country of East Asia. India also traded with the Arabian Penninsula in West Asia. If you want to understand the origins of yogic texts and practices within Hindu religious traditions, you must seek to contextualize their emergence by investigating the, Asad, Talal. Geography of Religion as a Method: Geographical Contextualization. And these motifs extend even further back in time. Tropical Rainforest - Hainan Province, China. 2008. They represent moments-in-time; each text, image, or site functions like a small window into history. Rachel Payne Gill is a World Cultures teacher, and has her Master's in Education from Lamar university. Why do dominant languages continue to spread around the world? 2015. China stretches for about 3,250 miles (5,250 km) from east to west and 3,400 miles (5,500 km) from north to south. These names do not refer to separate deities, but instead should be considered manifestations of Baal-Hadad as associated with a particular locality (Allen 2015; Schwemer 2008, 15-16; Haddad 1960, 46). All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Al-Khir and Elijah are associated as well, especially in Islamic religious texts, and al-Khir and St. George share iconographical representation (mounted on horseback or standing, vanquishing a dragon, snake, or human foe underfoot). The most obvious change in political institutions was that the old feudal structure was replaced by systems of incipient bureaucracy under monarchy. How long has China existed as a discrete politico-cultural unit? Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Geography influences the development of the people who occupy given areas. Oxford: Oxford University Press. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Even among the Han there are cultural and linguistic differences between regions; for example, the only point of linguistic commonality between two individuals from different parts of China may be the written Chinese language. The tallest mountains in the world, the Himalayan Mountains, are located on the southwestern border of China and served as a natural barrier for any influence or invasion from the west. China's geography is very diverse. In West Asia, the harsh desert environment and the scarcity of resources led to the development of monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Similarly, when the Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan accepted Islam, thousands of nomadic Turkic bands followed him into the faith. Faith connects and gives meaning to everything, uniting people around shared values. As churches fade from importance, people turn to politics to find meaning. That suggests that we in religious studies need better to recognize regional specificity even for global religions and that we need to recognize the existence of regionally specific relationships between religious traditions. Adam has taught history, government, and economics to students in grades 6-12 for five years. succeed. In the modern West, the great religions of the world coexist side-by-side. In the Indian subcontinent, the fertile land and ample water resources led to the development of complex agricultural societies, which in turn led to the development of polytheistic religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism. Gerrymandering History, Types & Examples | What is Gerrymandering? Religious extremists then draw on these passages to justify their use of force. Tolerance is the norm in places characterized by liberalism, but intolerance is the norm. Create a poster or chart that illustrates how religious differences and conflicts can play out. An error occurred trying to load this video. The Invention of World Religions. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The Splintered Divine: A Study of Itar, Baal, and Yahweh Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East, Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records 5. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. China has 33 administrative units directly under the central government; these consist of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities (Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin), and 2 special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Although there is not space in this forum to detail this argument, in my recent book, Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean (New York: Routledge, 2020), which is the product of nearly a decade of research, I investigate the regional importance and longevity of the storm-god Baal-Hadad, as well as subsequent local counterparts such as Levantine Zeus, Jupiter, and even St. George, and alternative and corollary figures like Hebrew Bible Elijah, Late Antique Elijah, and al-Khir. Although the trade routes helped spread the Chinese culture with trade, Ancient China still did not allow foreigners into the region. In the past, it was common for entire peoples to convert as a whole when their leaders converted. In approximately three to four paragraphs, write an essay that explains the connection between religion and ethnicity. By Erica Ferg The location of the Levant, situated at the Eastern littoral of the Mediterranean Sea basin, has affected regional climate and rainfall patterns. Geography may be part of the answer.
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