He is also a state senator who represents a majority-Black district . Legislatures felt that the creation of majority-minority districts was required. "Who rules the World Island commands the World". The world economy has a three-tier structure. What we have done is taken those areas and divided them into multiple districts so that theres actually more districts where minority voters will be able to elect their candidates of choice, which should actually have the effect of increasing the representation among the African American community, Szetela said. External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell NAFTA-Economic, Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. But time is running short. Example: Italy (San Marino, Vatican City), South Africa (Lesotho). Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. AP human geography chapter 8 multiple choice. h. In January, one of Oscar's suppliers, Titanic Fabrics, borrowed $6,000 from Oscar. (Peripheral, Semi-peripheral, Core). the segregation of blacks in South Aftrica from 1948-1994, the term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries, an economic union in Western Europe that compromises three neighboring countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, there are two types: exclusionary, meant for keeping people out, and inclusionary, meant to facilitate trade and movement, conflicts of the location, size, and extent of borders between nations; states arguing over their boundaries and how they function; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement, focus on the delimitation and possibly demarcation of the boundary, focus on neighbors who differ over the way their border should function, focus on boundaries (especially on the sea floor) while in search of resources, boundaries often originated from old tribal lands and lands won in war; were meant to establish claims to land and were often small historically; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), boundaries that were defined and determined before the present day human landscape was developed, boundaries that evolved as the cultural landscape of an area took shape, boundaries that are forcibly drawn across a unified cultural landscape, boundaries that have ceased to function, but whose imprints are still evident on the cultural landscape, the process that is needed to create a boundary; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), a legal document or treaty drawn up to specify actual points in the landscape. For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. PDF AP Human Geography 2015 Scoring Guidelines The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States House of Representatives as of 2015. That kind of comment might not go over so well in a majority-minority league. This is the first and only time the company purchased such securities. Regions: AP Human Geography Crash Course | Albert.io A majority-minority district is one in which a racial or language minority group comprises a voting majority. AP Human Geography AMSCO Vocabulary - Unit 4 Political Geography Using the Quizlet Vocabulary Link for Unit 4 Political Geography, review all the terms provided. [12][13][14], On June 30, 1986, the high court ruled unanimously in Thornburg v. Gingles that five of the aforementioned six districts "discriminated against blacks by diluting the power of their collective vote." Majority-minority definition, relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: majority-minority public schools. newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Summary: The Best AP Human Geography Review Guide. AP.GOPO: CON3.C.1 (EK) Google Classroom. Physical regions are features such as deserts, mountains, and lakes. The table below provides demographic data for each majority-minority district in the United States House of Representatives as of 2021. What does it mean to be partially or completely covered by Section 5 of the VRA? Question. What would the issue price of the bonds be if the prevailing interest rate is (i) 4%? Thornburg v. Gingles, a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1986, established a three-part test for proving whether vote dilution in violation of the Voting Rights Act has occurred in a district or districts. Electoral boundary delimitation - Wikipedia grassroots elite basketball ; why does ted lasso have a southern accent . ; 1 E TNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS f2 ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS Alt aylk yaygn sreli uluslararas dergi mtiyaz Sahibi: Gler Kalay Genel Yayn Ynetmeni/Editr: Gler Kalay Yayn Kurulu: Prof. Havva KK ARSLAN, skdar niversitesi, Trkiye Prof. Babak REZVANI, Amsterdam . But if you split the district through the black population, now you could have two districts with a majority of white conservative voters and minority black liberal voters. Describe. A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. Jamie Roe, a GOP consultant tracking the redistricting process, noted Michigan has had two majority-Black congressional districts since at least the 1960s whether drawn by legislators or courts. But the stakes are clear: Black, Latino and Asian Americans are underrepresented in state legislatures. Latinos are 18.7% of the population and just 5.3% of state lawmakers. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. The 1982 Amendments to the VRA specifically named outcomes as a focus of evaluation (?). Record the necessary cash adjustments. AP Human Geography Course - AP Central | College Board In AP Human Geography, unit 4 covers political geography. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., wrote the majority opinion, which largely upheld the district court's original ruling. In the context of redistricting, federal law provides that majority-minority districts can be created in order to prevent the dilution of minorities' voting strength in compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965. [1] a. Which describe discrete random variables? [7] California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Steven Hill, writing for The Atlantic in June 2013, made the following argument:[2][3][4]. government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate soverign and have the final say over what happens within the state. Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! \text{ } & \text{2$/ 11$} & \text{$2,300$}\\ BEfore that, some majority-minority district existed, but out of geographical happenstance (not intentionally). "Who rules the Heartland commands the World Island" economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them in the world market with the goal of achieving profit. \text{ } & \text{326} & \text{2$/ 28$} & \text{700}\\ Example: Spanish colonialism in the west. Create or preserve minority-majority district: To create a district favoring an ethnic group, or to accommodate surrounding minority-majority districts. AP Human Geography can lead to a variety of liberal arts and social science majors. But thats a hard sell to some lawmakers and advocates pushing to put more people of color in statehouses and Congress. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. For the current year, Patton Consulting Group acquired long-term available-for-sale securities at a $35,000 cost. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996). Allows states within the state to determine whether to have Shari'a Laws. cultural cohesion definition ap human geography Oscar's Red Carpet Store maintains a checking account with Academy Bank. Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map How can the winner of the popular vote lose the presidency? cultural cohesion definition ap human geography. Thank you. Demarcate: make a physical boundary on the land +514_6 \\ partisan gerrymandering definition ap gov Question 4. In Wisconsin, Democratic Gov. Teoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possesing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. A majority-minority district is one in which a racial or ethnic minority makes up a large-enough share of the electorate to assure that the community has a reasonable chance to elect the candidate of their choice. par | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses Voting districts are found in many but not all representative democracies. Ethnic nationalism is the result of an ethnic group making tangible efforts to assert its importance and rights. The challengers alleged that the new maps "impaired black citizens' ability to elect representatives of their choice in violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act." Redistricting Explained: Your Questions Answered - The New York Times There are two African American majority congressional districts that are represented by someone who is not African American: Steve Cohen from Tennessee's 9th and Rashida Tlaib from Michigan's 13th. The black, Latino, and Asian representatives mostly were replacing white Democrats, and the increase in minority representation was coming at the expense of electing fewer Democrats. A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. b. They also learn . f. An automatic withdrawal for Oscar's February rent was made on February 4 for $1,100. Allows states within the state to determine "moral" laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons. Draw maps that majority-Black communities can win.. i. Academy Bank charged service fees of $125 to Oscar's for the month. Every district is represented by Democrats. It began with the redistricting following the 1990 census. Examples: North Korea + South Korea. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. We can be more competitive around the country.. The interest payments are due every six months (that is, the interest is compounded semi-annually). Suppose the government wants to levy a new excise tax. Two Black Democratic delegates narrowly lost their seats in districts that are still majority African American but had recently been redrawn to have fewer Black voters. Redlining--the practice of denying borrowers access to credit based on the location of properties in minority or economically disadvantaged neighborhoods . to buy a universal life policy with a $100,000 face value. It links or divides areas of voters with similar characteristics (race/ethnicity, socioeconomic, labor, religious, urban/suburban/rural, etc.). Currently, there are 26 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents, mostly in the South. Legal systems based on traditional Islamic laws. What about majority-minority districts is problematic? Oscar's sells carpet each day but makes bank deposits only once per week. It would require the creation of, for instance, a 50 percent and a 10 percent black district, rather than two 30 percent black districts. The following provides information from the company's cash ledger for the month ending February 28, 2018. and LMI and majority-minority areas. A principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legiitmate rulers of independent states. HOLC "redlining" maps: The persistent structure of segregation and There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. 2. The Atlantic: Is It Time to Rethink Hyper-Minority Districts? Stateless Nations: AP Human Geography Crash Course Review During the year, Altgeld reported $415,000 of separate operating income (no subsidiary income was included) and declared dividends of$35,000. OR UN-World Politics That critical mass of Black voters, Hollier argues, ensures he has a chance to be elected and give voice to people who have long been ignored by the political system. In an April 2015 report for the Congressional Research Service, legislative attorney L. Paige Whitaker described this argument as follows:[7], In addition, supporters argue that the drawing of majority-minority districts has resulted in an increased number of minority representatives in state legislatures and Congress. They integrated their population into an ever more cohesive whole. The American Civil Liberties Union, in a 2001 report, made this argument:[2][3][4][16], Critics contend that the establishment of majority-minority districts can result in packing, which occurs when a constituency or voting group is placed within a single district, thereby minimizing its influence in other districts. One quarter of Alabamas population is Black, but the 7th is the sole district represented by an African American in Congress, Rep. Terri Sewell. Officially, the term gerrymandering describes a process whereby states can redraw their congressional and legislative districts every 10 years, after each new census. A federal state gives local political units like states or provinces within that country a measure of power. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the important concepts! The risks in balancing the racial composition of districts were illustrated in this months Virginia elections. Place. \text{ } & \text{No.} forces that tend to unify a country- such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared idealogical objectives, and a common faith. ~Generate more wealth in the world economy. \end{matrix} 1. Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. Regional Warned that if this pivot area become influential in Europe a great empire would be formed. ~Italy, (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. Suppose a companys cash flow from assets is negative for a particular period. the different types of boundaries including natural/physical, ethnographic/cultural, and geometric; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), boundaries placed on recognizable physiologic features, boundaries that coincide with differences in ethnicity, political boundaries that are defined and delimited as a straight line or arc, an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries, a sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate hinterland, attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory, the assignment of a commercial value to something previously valueless, a group of states united for a common purpose, the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory, the transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the state's territory, if one country in a region chose or was forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to falling into communism, established by the UNCLS, a zone of exploration extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it, the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions, a piece of territory surrounded by, but not part of, a country, a piece of national territory separated from the main body of a country by the territory of another country, an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among members, an internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government, a capital city deliberately sited in a state's frontier zone, a zone where no state exercises has complete political control, the branch of political geography treating national power, foreign policy, and international relations as influences by geographic considerations of location space, resources, and demography, to re-draw voting district boundaries in such a way as to give one political party maximum electoral advantage and to reduce that of another party, to fragment voting blocks, or to achieve other non-democratic objectives, a place which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life, a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants, group that includes two or more states seeking political and/or economic cooperation with each other, the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the soviet bloc and Western Europe from 1945-1990, the assertion by the government of a country that has a minority living outside its former borders belonging to it historically and culturally, the ongoing dispute between the Jewish and Arab populations in the former Ottoman Empire region of Palestine, a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea, a code of the maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters expanding 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 mile wide EEZ, in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race, involves drawing a line equidistant from the closest mainland points of each of two adjacent countries, an imprecise term for a state or territory small in both population and area, a country without two or more nationalities within its borders, a nation that transcends the borders of two or more states, (North America Free Trade Agreement) an agreement for free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a special territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, beliefs, and customs, the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images, a state whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity, a territory of northern Canada including part of the mainland west of the Hudson Bay and north of latitude 60 degrees north, islands in the Hudson Bay, and most of the Arctic Archipelago, a country's larges city most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well, process by which representation districts are switched according to population shifts so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, a feeling of collective identity based on a population's political territorial identification within a state or across state boundaries, a country which is formally independent, but which is primarily subject to the domination of another, larger power, the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves, the right of individual states to control political and economic affairs within their territorial boundaries without external interference, a centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries, when states willingly relinquish some degree of sovereignty in order to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political economic entity, disagreement between states over the control of surface area, refers to the shape of a territory; has five types: compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, and perforated; (WITH THE NEXT FIVE CARDS), distance from geometric center is similar, long and narrow in shape which makes it difficult to govern, have an area that extends from a more compact core, an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered partially or wholly an exclusive domain; the behavior associated with the defense of home territory, a part kept open for foreign trade according to the terms of a treaty, a state in which the central government dictates the degree of local or regional autonomy and the nature of local governmental units; a country with few cultural conflicts and with a strong sense of national identity, granting women a statuary right or privilege, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 3 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 2 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 1 Vocab, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. rule by an autonomous pwoer over a subordinate and alien people and place. Note: Data about majority-minority districts is based on information compiled from the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey estimates. The amount of interest earned for February is$20. judge timothy kenny political affiliation. A subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the Earth's surface. The federal government requires that districts must have nearly equal populations . (These leaders had little regard for African independence, and had no representation for native Africans. The steps (criteria) for establishing boundaries: 1. Because of the 1990 census, what did state legislatures in states either partially or completely covered by section 5 of the VRA, as well as legislatures of states with sufficient minority population to fear Section 2 claim have to do? How can we tell the direction of the test by looking at a pair of hypotheses? An group composed of 3 or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals In 1964, there were only about 300 black elected officials nationwide. In the context of political power, the capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. majority/minority districts in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race manifest destiny a future event accepted as inevitable median-line principle His boss, whom he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. ~Colonialism, An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought, AP Human Geography :Unit 4 (Political Geograp, AP Human Geography Chapter 6 (Religion) Vocab, AP Human Geography- Chapter 11- Agriculture K, Social Psychology and Human Nature chapters 6, Theatre Vocabulary - with Playbill (THEA 1306). Given that minority voters were the most reliably Democratic voters, that made all of the neighboring districts more Republican. I get what Republicans have done, completely, but Im not willing to sacrifice Black representation and brown representation, Im just not, said Sen. Lena Taylor, one of two African American Democrats in the Wisconsin state Senate, who voted against her partys map. 1. The law consolidated the Federalist Party vote in a few districts and thus gave disproportionate representation to Democratic-Republicans. Examples: France and Spain ~Ethnocultural conflicts That principle was enshrined in the federal Voting Rights Act, which requires the creation of districts with a majority or plurality of Black or other minority racial or ethnic group voters in places where the white population has a history of preventing them from electing their chosen representatives. Much like political gerrymandering, it limits black influence in surrounding districts. At the end of the five-year period, Ybarra must pay the bond holders a balloon payment of$200,000. The following summary is from AMSCO AP Human Geography: Today's political map consists mostly of independent states in which all territory is connected, and most people share a language and other cultural traits. A majority-minority or minority-majority area is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, . (After 2023, it will take another, completely different, shape.) Examples: Kurds, Palestinians, Basque, Saamis Nation-state A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. \text{ } & \text{Date} & \text{Amount}\\ representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. The chart below shows partisan bias in the South, from 1992 through 2000, using the efficiency gap: The same trend can be seen in the congressional maps of non-Southern states with majority-minority districts (again, using the efficiency gap). Throughout the nineteenth-century in Europe, states used what to achieve various goals? This was not true of the past. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 mandates that electoral district lines cannot be drawn in such a manner as to "improperly dilute minorities' voting power. The movement of power from the central government to regional (local) governments within the state. AP Human Geography Political Unit Flashcards - Cram.com DateAmountDeposits:2/4$2,7002/112,3002/183,2002/254,100Cashreceipts:1,600$13,900BalanceonFebruary1$6,800Receipts13,900Disbursements(12,600)BalanceonFebruary28$8,100No.DateAmountChecks3212/2$4,7003222/84003232/122,5003242/192,2003252/272003262/287003272/281,900$12,600\begin{matrix} System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. New maps spark debate over majority-minority districts Example: US and Mexican border, Disputes over natural resources that run across borders. ". The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks in excellent resources. Ballotpedia will present a breakdown regarding majority-minority districts enacted after the 2020 census when that data is available. Global A neighbor sells life insurance and wants you These disputes arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom More specifically, a protectionist policy of European states during the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries that prompted a state's economic position in the contest with other countries. Examples: Germany and Italy Left: "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland." \text{ } & \text{ } & \text{ } & \underline{\underline{\$ 12,600}}\\ Examples: United Kingdom, France, China, ~State is organized into territories. Redistricting is the process of enacting new congressional and state legislative district boundaries.. All United States Representatives and state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. While many studies of inequality in access to quality health care concentrate on the lower availability of health care, there is a growing body of literature reporting on the association between hospital quality and minority-service hospital status across multiple health states and conditions. Strickland, the Court's 5-4 conservative majority ruled that states could choose to draw minority "coalition districts" (in which a sub-50 percent minority can win with support from other groups), but that only true majority-minority seats would merit protection under Section 2 of the VRA. Majority-minority districts - Ballotpedia Is resulting public policy more or less conducive to minority interests? For decades, the widely accepted strategy was to group together Black voters so they comprised a majority in a statehouse or congressional district.
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