", SafeKids.com: Digital Citizenship, Online Safety, and Civility. David Conrad, Paul N. Edwards, Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford University, commented, Many excellent methods will be developed to improve the information environment, but the history of online systems shows that bad actors can and will always find ways around them., Vian Bakir, professor in political communication and journalism at Bangor University in Wales, commented, It wont improve because of 1) the evolving nature of technology emergent media always catches out those who wish to control it, at least in the initial phase of emergence; 2) online social media and search engine business models favour misinformation spreading; 3) well-resourced propagandists exploit this mix., Many who expect things will not improve in the next decade said that white hat efforts will never keep up with black hat advances in information wars. Americans worry about that: A Pew Research Centerstudy conducted just after the 2016 election found 64% of adults believe fake news stories cause a great deal of confusion and 23% said they had shared fabricated political stories themselves sometimes by mistake and sometimes intentionally. That means the continuing bifurcation of haves and have-nots, when it comes to trusted news and information., An anonymous editor and publisher commented, Sadly, many Americans will not pay attention to ANY content from existing or evolving sources. C) Single filter model The existence of clickbait sites make it easy for conspiracy theories to be rapidly spread by people who do not bother to read entire articles, nor look for trusted sources. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. 2) Information providers will become legally responsible for their content. () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? A) Information with a low degree of saliency is ignored and doesn't go on for further processing. Profound levels of ungrounded beliefs about things both sacred and profane existed before the branding of fake news. Belief systems not truths help to cement identities, forge relationships, explain the unexplainable., Julian Sefton-Green, professor of new media education at Deakin University in Australia, said, The information environment is an extension of social and political tensions. Starr Roxanne Hiltz, An executive consultant based in North America wrote, It comes down to motivation: There is no market for the truth. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. Related Groups, Organizations, Affiliates & Chapters, ALA Upcoming Annual Conferences & LibLearnX, Holding Space: A national conversation series with libraries, Technology Access and Assistive Technology, ALA and Affiliate Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Statements, Cultural Programming to Promote Diversity, Hateful Conduct in Libraries: Supporting Library Workers and Patrons, Libraries Respond: Combating Xenophobia and Fake News in light of COVID-19, Libraries Respond: Cyber-bullying and Doxxing, Libraries Respond: Immigrants, Refugees, and Asylum Seekers, Libraries Respond: National Day of Healing, Libraries Respond: Protecting and Supporting Transgender Staff and Patrons, Library Services for Patrons with Alzheimer's/Dementia, Library Services to the Incarcerated and Detained, ALA Statement on Censorship of Information Addressing Racial Injustice, Black American History, and Diversity Education, Poll: Voters Oppose Book Bans in Libraries, Interpretations of the Library Bill of Rights, Intellectual Freedom and Censorship Q & A, Meeting Rooms, Exhibit Spaces, and Programs, 3-D Printing in Libraries: Policies and Best Practices, American Association of School Librarians (AASL), Assn. Were simultaneously skeptics and true believers. Martin is the financial director of a small business. D) When the majority of font words are scripted in a different font, Aadil will identify the incongruent fonts quickly. A. are the most complex type of firewall B. seldom examine the data or the addresses of the message C. can filter both inbound and outbound traffic D. examine the destination address but not the source address E. can examine the contents of VPN packets 26) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ", Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights(2015). When the president of the U.S. frequently attacks the traditional media and anybody who does not agree with his alternative facts, it is not good news for an uptick in reliable and trustworthy facts circulating in social media., Nigel Cameron, a technology and futures editor and president of the Center for Policy on Emerging Technologies, said, Human nature is not EVER going to change (though it may, of course, be manipulated). Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) B) Speed of speech I dont think they will put much effort into eliminating it. Things will improve because people individually and collectively will make it so.. But the overarching and competing themes were clear: Those who do not think things will improve felt that humans mostly shape technology advances to their own, not-fully-noble purposes and that bad actors with bad motives will thwart the best efforts of technology innovators to remedy todays problems. C) Inhibition of return assists an individual in attending to various different locations, thereby increasing the salience of previously attended stimuli. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to. The rights of minors to retrieve, interact with, and create information posted on the Internet in schools and libraries are extensions of their First Amendment rights. But the first INSERT SQL statement - see the following figure - had a database processing time of only 8.90 ms in the good sample on the left. And the political environment is bad., Ian OByrne, assistant professor at the College of Charleston, replied, Human nature will take over as the salacious is often sexier than facts. Most of these experts do not expect there will be a perfect system but they expect advances. Which of the following model of attention best describes this scenario? Like email spam, this problem can never entirely be eliminated, but it can be managed., Sandro Hawke, technical staff at the World Wide Web Consortium, predicted, Things are going to get worse before they get better, but humans have the basic tools to solve this problem, so chances are good that we will. Two columns in a cell range can be filtered independently. Capabilities and Limits of Automated Multimedia Content Analysis, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material, The Inconsistent Work of Web Filters: Mapping Information Access in Alabama Public Schools and Libraries, Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents, Access Denied: How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education, United States v. American Library Association, Legal Briefs filed in United States v. American Library Association, FCC Report and Order 11-125, August 21, 2011, CIPA: A Brief FAQ on Public Library Compliance, Why Recent Court Decisions Dont Change the Rules on Filtering, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries. High conflict. How to be a Ninja Warrior Filter Fighter! The problem is that its *still* very hard for computer systems to analyze text, find assertions made in the text and crosscheck them. A) 50 objects including green triangles and red squares The 49% of these experts who expect things to improve generally inverted that reasoning: Technology can help fix these problems: These more hopeful experts said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet, apps and platforms can be harnessed to rein in fake news and misinformation campaigns. Even among highly intelligent people, there is a significant growth in personal specialization in order to trim the boundaries of expected expertise to manageable levels. Those who want to seek out reliable sources will have no problems doing so. These are the main causes of the deterioration of a public domain of shared facts as the basis for discourse and political debate., Kenneth Sherrill, professor emeritus of political science at Hunter College, City University of New York, predicted, Disseminating false rumors and reports will become easier. Their coping mechanism is to turn to entertainment or other lighter fare. Two rows in a cell range can be sorted independently. Which of the following uses top-down processing to best explain Connie's sudden shift in attention? Question options: Provides Clarity Creates Commitment Builds Relationships Defines Roles. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Trust in Media, In late 2016, Oxford Dictionaries selected post-truth as the word of the year, defining it as relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.. A) Reaction time Some chose to have their names connected to their answers; others opted to respond anonymously. Philip B. Stark If any doubt or problem then comment below. A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. By Nancy Kranich published in Library Administration & Management, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning (2002) We can also not trust the businesses and industries that develop and facilitate these digital texts and tools to make changes that will significantly improve the situation., Greg Swanson, media consultant with ITZonTarget, noted, The sorting of reliable versus fake news requires a trusted referee. Theme 1: The information environment will not improve: The problem is human nature Theme 2: The information environment will not improve because technology will create new challenges that can't or won't be countered effectively and at scale Theme 3: The information environment will improve because technology will help label, filter or ban misinformation and thus upgrade the public's . Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. The staff of the Office for Intellectual Freedom is available to answer questions or provide assistance to librarians, trustees, educators and the public about internet filtering. ____________ is time away from work for personal reasons. John Wilbanks, chief commons officer at Sage Bionetworks, replied, Im an optimist, so take this with a grain of salt, but I think as people born into the internet age move into positions of authority theyll be better able to distill and discern fake news than those of us who remember an age of trusted gatekeepers. Many of those who expect the information environment to improve anticipate that information literacy training and other forms of assistance will help people become more sophisticated consumers. What barrier is facing Martin in this scenario. Too many Americans will live in political and social subcultures that will champion false information and encourage use of sites that present such false information.. Which of the following highlights the relevance of contextual cuing? There were also those among these expert respondents who said inequities, perceived and real, are at the root of much of the misinformation being produced. Some think the threat of regulatory reform via government agencies may force the issue of required identities and the abolition of anonymity protections for platform users. Which of the following statements about visual search tasks is most correct? The digital environment offers opportunities for accessing, creating, and sharing information. Where there is a capitalistic incentive to provide content to consumers, and those networks of distribution originate in a huge variety of transnational and even extra-national economies and political systems, the ability to control veracity will be far outstripped by the capability and willingness to supply any kind of content to any kind of user.. I (still) trust the longstanding principle of free speech: The best cure for offensive speech is MORE speech. Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. Because adults and, to a lesser degree minors, have First Amendment rights, libraries and schools that choose to use content filters should implement policies and procedures that mitigate the negative effects of filtering to the greatest extent possible. They will keep unfriending those who dont, and passing on rumors and fake news that agrees with their point of view. A pure collaborative algorithm cannot recommend an item if there are . B) The words themselves cannot be ignored. This does not mean that all people will subscribe to either scientific or journalistic method (or both), but they will gravitate toward material the sources and institutions they find trustworthy, and those institutions will, themselves, demand methods of verification beyond those they use today., A retired public official and internet pioneer predicted, 1) Education for veracity will become an indispensable element of secondary school. A) Filtering makes it possible to view specific data. A DoS attack that uses TCP flags is called a ________ attack. Perhaps the surge of fake news in the recent past will serve as a wake-up call to address these aspects of online skills in the media and to address these as fundamental educational competencies in our education system. Any safeguards will appear as a way to further control narrative and propagandize the population.. It seems unlikely that government can play a meaningful role as this referee. We cant machine-learn our way out of this disaster, which is actually a perfect storm of poor civics knowledge and poor information literacy. Use the key terms from Chapter 2 to complete the following sentence: By Deborah Caldwell Stone published in American Libraries, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries (2010) Anonymous project leader for a science institute. Counter-forces are already emerging. Everything, ok? Anthony responds quickly and carelessly: No worries, g2 wrk nw. Anthonys message to his coworker is. 1. However, the ALA recognizes that local libraries and schools are governed by local decision makers and local considerations and often must rely on federal or state funding for computers and internet access. One cannot apply a filter for more than one column in a cell range. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? The rise of new and highly varied voices with differing agendas and motivations might generally be considered to be a good thing. And yet, it feels like as a society, we are outsourcing this function to private entities that exist, ultimately, to make a profit and not necessarily for a social good. This will use a combination of organizational and technological tools but above all, will require a sharpened sense of good judgment and access to diverse, including rivalrous, sources. A professor at a major U.S. university replied, Surveillance technologies and financial incentives will generate greater surveillance. A retired university professor predicted, Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. Practice all cards. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. Aadil is a font specialist in the linguistic department, and he is given a list of font words and asked to identify the font each word is scripted in. The major new challenge in reporting news is the new shape of truth, said Kevin Kelly, co-founder of Wired magazine. In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. A) It assumes attended information is enhanced, while unattended information is not. He is so mean and I can't w8 2 get outta there. Sally's father calls her, noticeably upset because he has not understood the text and thinks she is in trouble. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. manage the reactions of the listener(s), you are engaging in filtering. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new, idea for a product. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. B) Its semantic filter does not consider physical characteristics. Christian H. Huitema, Tom Rosenstiel, author, director of the American Press Institute and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, commented, Whatever changes platform companies make, and whatever innovations fact checkers and other journalists put in place, those who want to deceive will adapt to them. I agree. Or will the quality and veracity of information online deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas? Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? We apply that same logic to experts and sources quoted in stories. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Technology is driving this issue, but the fix isnt a technical one alone., Mike DeVito, graduate researcher at Northwestern University, wrote, These are not technical problems; they are human problems that technology has simply helped scale, yet we keep attempting purely technological solutions. afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. The success of Donald Trump will be a flaming signal that this strategy works, alongside the variety of technologies now in development (and early deployment) that can exacerbate this problem. There are multiple information streams, public and private, that spread this information online. D) Filtering enables a user to examine and analyze a subset of records. That money is drying up, and it seems unlikely to be replaced within the next decade., Rich Ling, professor of media technology at the School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University, said, We have seen the consequences of fake news in the U.S. presidential election and Brexit. To get to the SQL statements, I simply scroll down on the ABAP Statistics Record Screen to the SQL Statements section. Center for Democracy and Technology, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material(2018) He recently read a memo from one, department presenting a new idea for a product. A) 50 objects including green triangles and red squares. Medium conflict leads to high performance. These benefits are not amenable to technological resolution as they are social, political and cultural in nature. The question arises, then: What will happen to the online information environment in the coming decade? In terms of criminal law, I think the important thing is to have penalties/regulations be domain-specific. When faced with novel predatory phenomena, counter-forces emerge to balance or defeat them. There are a lot of rich and unethical people, politicians, non-state actors and state actors who are strongly incentivized to get fake information out there to serve their selfish purposes., A research professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University observed, Defensive innovation is always behind offensive innovation. Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them., Charlie Firestone, executive director at the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program, commented, In the future, tagging, labeling, peer recommendations, new literacies (media, digital) and similar methods will enable people to sift through information better to find and rely on factual information. () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. This will end up being a censored information reality., An eLearning specialist observed, Any system deeming itself to have the ability to judge information as valid or invalid is inherently biased. And a professor and researcher noted, In an open society, there is no prior determination of what information is genuine or fake.. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. They also believe better information literacy among citizens will enable people to judge the veracity of material content and eventually raise the tone of discourse. Dealing with censorship challenges at your library or need to get prepared for them? Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? Zbigniew ukasiak, Alex Sandy Pentland, member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the World Economic Forum, commented, We know how to dramatically improve the situation, based on studies of political and similar predictions. They offered a range of suggestions, from regulatory reforms applied to the platforms that aid misinformation merchants to legal penalties applied to wrongdoers. C) The early selection filter because it allows higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. The process should encourage and allow users to ask for filtered websites and content to be unblocked, with minimal delay and due respect for user privacy. The crisis we face about truth and reliable facts is predicated less on the ability to get people to believe the *wrong* thing as it is on the ability to get people to *doubt* the right thing. The other side of the complexity coin is ignorance. C) A majority of congruent items leading to no Stroop effect. If an article bursts into collective consciousness and is later proven to be fake, the sites that control or host that content could refuse to distribute advertising revenue to the entity that created or published it. It is due to a flaw in the human consumers of information and can be repaired only by education of those consumers., An anonymous respondent from the Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society noted, False information intentionally or inadvertently so is neither new nor the result of new technologies. A user-experience and interaction designer said, As existing channels become more regulated, new unregulated channels will continue to emerge.. Algorithmic solutions to replacing human judgment are subject to hidden bias and will ultimately fail to accomplish this goal. If readers do not change or improve their ability to seek out and identify reliable information sources, the information environment will not improve., Ella Taylor-Smith, senior research fellow at the School of Computing at Edinburgh Napier University, noted, As more people become more educated, especially as digital literacy becomes a popular and respected skill, people will favour (and even produce) better quality information., Constance Kampf, a researcher in computer science and mathematics, said, The answer depends on socio-technical design these trends of misinformation versus verifiable information were already present before the internet, and they are currently being amplified. Their reasoning revealed a wide range of opinions about the nature of these threats and the most likely solutions required to resolve them. exam 2 possibly. We cant machine-learn our way out of this disaster, which is actually a perfect storm of poor civics knowledge and poor information literacy., Miguel Alcaine, International Telecommunication Union area representative for Central America, commented, The boundaries between online and offline will continue to blur. Truth is no longer dictated by authorities, but is networked by peers. This makes many vulnerable to accepting and acting on misinformation. Respondents were then asked to choose one of the following answer options: The information environment will improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will be IMPROVED by changes that reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. It is profitable to do so, profit made by creating an article that causes enough outrage that advertising money will follow. If a news story reaffirms what we already believe, its credible but if it rails against our beliefs, its fake. There are many people working on ways to protect the integrity and reliability of information, just as there are cybersecurity experts who are in a constant arms race with cybercriminals, but to put as much emphasis on information (a public good) as data (a personal asset) will require a pretty big cultural shift. We will probably have to evolve both new social norms as well as regulatory mechanisms if we want to maintain online environment as a source of information that many people can rely on., Stowe Boyd, futurist, publisher and editor-in-chief of Work Futures, said, The rapid rise of AI will lead to a Cambrian explosion of techniques to monitor the web and non-web media sources and social networks and rapidly identifying and tagging fake and misleading content., Jeff Jarvis, professor at the City University of New Yorks Graduate School of Journalism, commented, Reasons for hope: Much attention is being directed at manipulation and disinformation; the platforms may begin to recognize and favor quality; and we are still at the early stage of negotiating norms and mores around responsible civil conversation. Anthony overslept and has three voicemails on his phone from his boss telling him to come into work immediately, for an emergency planning meeting. a) Digital Image Processing O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. (See About this canvassing of experts for details about this sample.) A professor based in North America said, [This] is a capitalist system. Intellectual Freedom Manual(2021) Which of the following would be least likely to engage controlled attention? Retired professor, An educator commented, Creating a reliable, trusted, unhackable verification system would produce a system for filtering and hence structuring of content. D) It cannot explain the findings of the dichotic listening paradigm. Still, the more hopeful among these experts argue that progress is inevitable as people and organizations find coping mechanisms. Even if there are more positive aspects than negative in a situation or person,. What kind of communication error did Sally make? Yes, of course. These incumbents are locked into monopoly power over our information ecosystem and as they drain advertising money from all other low-cost commercial media they impoverish the public sphere.. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions. The average man or woman in America today has less knowledge of the underpinnings of his or her daily life than they did 50 or a hundred years ago. Such an effort, some said, might prepare more people to be wise in what they view/read/believe and possibly even serve to upgrade the overall social norms of information sharing. As per chegg rules and regulatio. Which of the following organizational processes does communication fulfill? These respondents said the information environment cant be improved without more, well-staffed, financially stable, independent news organizations. FROM table_name WHERE expression; Adam Lella, Larry Diamond, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Freeman Spogli Institute (FSI) at Stanford University, said, I am hopeful that the principal digital information platforms will take creative initiatives to privilege more authoritative and credible sources and to call out and demote information sources that appear to be propaganda and manipulation engines, whether human or robotic. . Siva Vaidhyanathan, professor of media studies and director of the Center for Media and Citizenship at the University of Virginia, wrote, There are no technological solutions that correct for the dominance of Facebook and Google in our lives. Who gets to decide? Two rows in a. This section features responses by several of the top analysts who participated in this canvassing. An information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. Understanding Communication Chapter 3.1- 3.17 Q &A Homework Help.docx, 58. Several other respondents also cited this as a major flaw of this potential remedy. ), Deloitte Risk Services, Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, 2008 (Prepared for the European Union's Safer Internet plus Programme), Internet Filters: A Public Policy Report (2006) The biggest risk, as with many things, is that narrow self-interest stops people from effectively collaborating..