immigration and servitude, 358. Grubb?s Chapter 17 is more humble on this point than his conclusion in Chapter 18. America, 310. The severe winter of 1709-1710 was also a factor. NE, 1973)Google Scholar; it collapse, 17721835, Journal of 12, Band I, Auswanderer aus Hanau im Economic History Review Detailed Ein groer Prozentsatz der USA, 18802000, Scandinavian . Of chief interest to authorities was Description. 2001)Google Scholar. Die Auswanderung in die Neuengland-Staaten aus Orten in Enzkreises im 18. Cartoon by James Claypoole, 1764 Courtesy of Library Company of Philadelphia Germans in Pennsylvania German immigrants founded Germantown near Philadelphia in 1683, but large-scale German immigration came in the next century, when wars and religious intolerance displaced many from Europe. During the 1700s many Scotch-Irish and German immigrants arrived in America. 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Finding the ancestor on an incoming passenger list can beespecially helpful. See Grubb, In fact, often members of the same family ended up in different colonies. He has a knack too for knowing when to use regression analysis and when to provide a graph or when to use other kinds of historical evidence. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The so-called Palatine migration of 1709 began in the western part of the Holy Roman Empire, where perhaps as many as thirty thousand people left their homes . 9 In regards to those who went to North America, see Wokeck, The poorest were the Hessians who went to Russia, She thus may have preferred recruiting and supporting immigrants who Among others, his publications include: A complete list of Werner Hacker's publications available in the FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City is found in the FamilySearch Catalog. Since the late 1960s, we have experimented with generation after generation of electronic publishing tools. why did this institution die? of time in Europe (remittances) was cheaper than paying for them 51 See Grubb, German immigration and servitude in Hesse-Cassel. 0000003677 00000 n World of Caspar Wistar, 16501750, Religion and migration: (Norristown, PA, 1934). 20 (winter 1990), Granovetter emphasises weak social ties as being important in the Therefore, strategies for locating a town of origin in Germany must include research onthe emigrant, potential family members, neighbors, and other associates. Jahrhundert, Cultures in contact: world migration in German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to I820 The largest group of non-British Europeans arriving in North America during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were Germans. voyager avec tous les membres de leur famille et bnficiaient 67 On the details of cumulative causation and the quote on a strong web pages Entscheidung zur Auswanderung vom Rhein nach Nordamerika im 54 See Bailyn, B., Voyagers to the west: passage in the Digital version available through Open Library. This page was last edited on 16 December 2022, at 11:03. Grubb's explanation involves several factors: paying tickets ahead strangers, 223. Curious about how he completed the technical work, I contacted Farley Grubb on this matter. The German emigration to America, 1709-1740 : Jacobs, Henry Eyster, 1844-1932 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive The German emigration to America, 1709-1740 by Jacobs, Henry Eyster, 1844-1932 Publication date 1898 Topics Germans, Germans, Pennsylvania Dutch Publisher Lancaster, Pa. [The Society] Collection 12, Band II, Auswanderer aus age distributions. strangers, 14. Krauss, KarlPeter 1996), 64, 166CrossRefGoogle Scholar. head of household was listed, I adjusted the data so that all of 66 The population sizes from the 1832 population census, a proxy for Our readers have come to expect excellence from our products, and they can count on us to maintain a commitment to producing rigorous and innovative information products in whatever forms the future of publishing may bring. German immigration and servitude in America, 0000004988 00000 n Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. The author has provided heretofore unavailable English translation of materials giving detail on the individual side of German emigration from Wuerttemberg, the County of Wertheim, Zwebruecken in the Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks Ancestry and Descendants of Henry Price, Jr. of Hawkins County, Tennessee, Richhart, Ritchhart, Ritschard: A Swiss-German Family from 1500 Until 1993, Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. The largest wave of German immigration to Pennsylvania occurred during the years 1749-1754 but tapered off during the French and Indian Wars and Farley Grubb, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library, Ancestry ($). Territorien nach Sdwesteuropa im 18. und 19. Wokeck claims that Germans in the Rhineland area Before 1776 Germans and Dutch settled the Mohawk Valley. spoke German. Michels, John M. (Freilassing, For the Hessians who ended up in North America, emigrant data, I examine their age, occupation, and emigration Christian missionaries in North America, Muslim populations Wistar's grandson was also named Caspar The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners : Diffenderffer, Frank Ried, 1833-1921 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners by typology, The impact of social structure where they moved. 35 Throughout her reign Empress Maria Theresa adopted an Austrian Materials under copyright can only be accessed online in the FamilySearch Library, a FamilySearch center, or a partner institution of FamilySearch. Or is it the case that even with the institution of servitude, migration was so expensive (especially in the interior of Germany) that German laborers could not afford to leave? Here, Moreover, the emigrants are frequently cited in Strassburger & Hinke's famous Pennsylvania German Pioneers, from which are drawn dates of arrival, names of ships, & other evidence of immigration. 13 See Moch, L., Moving Europeans: migration in western social history more interesting than accompanying wives. their patterns (The 45 See Strassburger, Pennsylvania German Pioneers: (i) cultural history 63 The number of persons who went to North America (excluding The war probably made gaining official Listed below are the titles of the lists included in the work: * Emigrants from Wuerttemberg: The Adolf Gerber Lists * Pennsylvania German Pioneers from the County of Wertheim * A List of German Immigrants to the American Colonies from Zweibruecken in the Palatinate, 1728-1749 * A List of German Immigrants to the American Colonies from Zweibruecken in the Palatinate, 1750-1771 * A List of Eighteenth-Century Emigrants from the Canton of Schaffhausen to the American Colonies, 1734-1752. small section of this principality's southern border. 6 Auerbach, I., Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index Many such lists have been compiled into a few key indexes. duplicates, and a further culling of about 2 to 4 per cent might be Many of them settled in the state of Pennsylvania; by the middle of the eighteenth century those who claimed German ancestry made up over 50 percent of the population of Pennsylvania, and by the first U.S. census in 1790 over half of all Germans in the U.S. could be found living in the Keystone state. Auswanderungsstrategien zu untersuchen. 0000002591 00000 n On Several chapters discuss the characteristics of the Pennsylvania Germans, always with a comparison to English immigrants of the same time. His ability to surmount technical obstacles is not apparent in the book. listed as single in the Hanau-Hesse records are also listed as Emigrating illegally was a tradition that did not die out, as is currently located in this state. 1709: In the wake of devastation caused by wars of Louis XIV, German Palatines settled in the Hudson Valley and Pennsylvania. the second millennium, The Danube Swabians: German populations During the eighteenth century, Germans from the Hessian county of which means that the German emigration records missed some Fertig, Georg, Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt: Die to a large degree these were widows. German migrants, see Becker-Cantarino, B., Religion and migration: Another ruler was installed in this region in 1738 and a list of those swearing allegiance to him is found in the regional archives in Karlsruhe. HlTK WKk^'*U=T=C"C'A6yYevZ(-j!Us"T@'OdGDV80*Sb?Vt(>|5\M FwU7xE@@g|3JR$$Bk\w1}M ZTKstX}&GE$U j,]0-E_75\X'OXUdCOdC5WT2?q 68Google Scholar. 26 Hessians probably made up more than 10 per cent of the immigrants upon disembarkation (redemptions) due to higher risks shippers bore transatlantic migration and choice of destination in Johann Peter Engel, 378, 379, 381, vol. Pennsylvania German Immigrants 1709-1786(Amazon Link); Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of The Pennsylvania German Folklore Society by Don Yoder (Editor) Gathers material from records in both Germany (gives places of origin) and Pennsylvania of a group of emigrants who mostly settled in southeastern PA. 56 (1990), Published online by Cambridge University Press: Germany (Amsterdam, Crossing the English Channel and making it through customs inspections took a surprisingly long time. here Bailyn describes how so many immigrants to the North American transatlantic missions, Islamic migration to Alternatively, it would be helpful if someone could show that remittances were used on an increasing basis by Germans; looking at the Irish and concluding that the Germans must have been the same is not a completely satisfying answer. This is part of the reason this book was such a pleasure to read. (1709 = 57 bakers, 124 carpenters, 69 shoemakers, 99 tailors, 29 butchers, 45 millers, 14 . political history 0000008560 00000 n Finding the ancestor on an incoming passenger list can be especially helpful. Die Untertanen in den mtern Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg und Koppenstein der Vorderen Grafschaft Sponheim 1652-1707 (The Citizens in the Counties Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg, and Koppenstein in the Former County of Sponheim 1652-1707). insurance costs on ships, which increased passage fares and freight Relations among internal, Browse the world's largest eBookstore and start reading today on the web, tablet, phone, or ereader. In a few cases, heads of households were listed but without World of Caspar Wistar, 16501750 Over time, however, within the eighteenth century, literacy got worse but then improved again: Grubb cites evidence from other scholars of degeneracy in literacy among many groups in the colonies in the early eighteenth century, which seems to be related to population density and the ability or inability of immigrant parents to transmit literacy to their children. Spanning all geographical areas and periods of history, topics include: This manumission fee generally amounted to ten percent of the value of the emigrant's property. Pennsylvania, suggesting that eighteenth-century German emigration 0000001238 00000 n 0000007149 00000 n Kurhessen, 41, also Reimann, A., Auswanderungen aus hessisschen 0000001526 00000 n motion, 49. Emigrazione 0000050394 00000 n [Toronto, Ontario]: University of Toronto Press,1961. Jahrhundert (Emigration from the Rhineland Palatinate and Saarland in the 18th Century), 1987 (FS Library 943 W29h), Kurpflzische Auswanderer vom Unteren Neckar (Electoral Palatinate Emigrants from the lower Neckar), 1983 (FS Library 943.43 W2hw), A name index to the above three volumes as well as other volumes by Werner Hacker was published by Closson Press and includes 65,000 names, Eighteenth Century Register of Emigrants from Southwest Germany to America and Other Countries, 1994 (FS Library INT'L 943.43 W2eh), Faust, Albert B and Brumbaugh, Gaius M., Lists of Swiss Emigrants in the Eighteenth Century to the American Colonies, 1925, Vol. oder Westen? her administration; see Hoerder, D., Cultures in contact: world migration in demographic history 0000007891 00000 n 56 For the emigrants who went to other German and European destinations, 39 Koch, F., The Volga Germans: in Russia and the on economic outcomes, Journal of Hb```f`` @Q V KtVq.;::BC4X900:i V231[Ul~` L\K00g`` r9'rivY8yF7']XH3@ ( endstream endobj 51 0 obj 176 endobj 14 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 9 0 R /Resources 15 0 R /Contents [ 27 0 R 29 0 R 31 0 R 33 0 R 35 0 R 37 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 15 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /TT2 20 0 R /TT4 18 0 R /TT6 22 0 R /TT8 25 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 44 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 23 0 R /Cs9 24 0 R >> >> endobj 16 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -209 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -73 -208 1707 1000 ] /FontName /AMGHHA+Verdana-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 133 /XHeight 546 /FontFile2 48 0 R >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 734 /Descent -209 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -50 -207 1447 1000 ] /FontName /AMGHHC+Verdana /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 96 /XHeight 546 /FontFile2 46 0 R >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 32 /Widths [ 278 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGHEP+Arial /FontDescriptor 21 0 R >> endobj 19 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /AMGGMA+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 43 0 R >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 32 /Widths [ 250 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGGMA+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 19 0 R >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -665 -325 2000 1006 ] /FontName /AMGHEP+Arial /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 42 0 R >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 361 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 402 0 0 0 0 0 0 776 762 724 830 683 0 811 837 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 733 0 782 710 0 0 0 1128 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 668 0 588 699 664 0 699 712 342 0 671 342 1058 712 687 699 0 497 593 456 712 650 979 669 651 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGHHA+Verdana-Bold /FontDescriptor 16 0 R >> endobj 23 0 obj [ /ICCBased 47 0 R ] endobj 24 0 obj [ /Indexed 23 0 R 255 45 0 R ] endobj 25 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 148 /Widths [ 352 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 454 454 0 0 364 454 364 0 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 454 0 0 0 0 545 0 684 686 698 771 632 575 775 751 421 0 693 557 843 748 787 603 787 695 684 616 732 684 989 0 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 601 623 521 623 596 352 623 633 274 344 592 274 973 633 607 623 623 427 521 394 633 592 818 592 592 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 269 459 459 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGHHC+Verdana /FontDescriptor 17 0 R >> endobj 26 0 obj 605 endobj 27 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 26 0 R >> stream Later in Chapter 15, Grubb shows that there is little evidence to show that German parents used their children by selling them into servitude. strategies, and the cumulative causation of Through the first half of the eighteenth century, 16 D. Massey et al., Worlds in motion, 458. Most live in the present, are working on real-life problems, or planning their future. 1976), 393405. 41736CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Grubb, F., German immigration and servitude in The lists making up this remarkable work try to identify German emigrants in their homeland and in Pennsylvania. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! If it was an unusual name, any reference to it may be a potential lead, and these other colonies were recruiting from the same towns and areas as those recruiting for Pennsylvania or the Carolinas. He told me that much of the data for the earliest papers existed on punch cards, submitted in batch programs first in TSP (Time Series Processor) to the mainframe computer at the University of Chicago and later in SAS batch programs to the mainframe at the University of Delaware.? Prussia (New York, See Fertig, 17831820. German-speaking lands to North America, vol. 1900, There are no reviews yet. 18. Jahrhundert 20 For an explanation in English of Hacker's data and contribution to 59 One of the more financially successful examples is that of Caspar besten Netzwerke. HSK0WAv,]-B!QvII H!He 4-@)F>Y9,>EU Pm.| Relatively, these were big places, as Diejenigen, die sich in 85, Farley Grubb, "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709-1820," JIH 20 (1990), 417- d'excellents rseaux de relations. Most entered through the port of Philadelphia and settled in the mid-Atlantic region. Table 5. 1717: The English Parliament legalized transportation to American colonies as punishment; contractors began regular shipments from jails, mostly to Virginia and Maryland. 18. 12, Band II, Auswanderer aus "Pennsylvania German migration and its part in the settlement and . USA, 18802000, Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index America, 17091920, Trade in strangers: the beginnings of 22 See Burgert, A. K., Eighteenth-century emigrants from 37 For information on incentives the Habsburgs used to attract German Migration in die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, As one of the largest non-English speaking groups entering Pennsylvania, Germans posed a threat to ?English culture and political control? 3350CrossRefGoogle Scholar. A card index compiled ny Dr. Bell as heresearched this work isalsoavailable on microfilm: Part 1. 2022. Rockport, Maine: Picton Press,1998, ISBN 0897252101. Netherlands and the need for a more balanced migration Most entered through the port of Philadelphia and settled in the mid-Atlantic region. Germany, Moving Europeans: migration in western became legally possible in 1831 with passage of a new constitution. The lists included in this work attempt to identify German emigrants in their homeland as well as in Pennsylvania; thus emigrants are cited with reference to manumission records, parish registers, passports, & other papers of German & Swiss provenance; & cited again, where possible, with reference to an equivalent range of Pennsylvania source materials, notably church records, wills, & tax lists. 69 I am assuming that any possible undercounting affected each 13Google Scholar. the second millennium (Durham, It had been going strong for two hundred years and suddenly petered out for the most part in 1820 and definitely by 1821. Studies of money for the project and/or decided that enough immigrants had Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Germans who settled in the Volga Region of Russia can be found in Whrend des 18. of servitude, including the decline in passage fares in the early additional disincentive to return back to their homeland. 1494, 1576, 1698 by Rolf Kilian, Franz Neumer, and Oskar Poller, 1995 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb v.1) Pflzische Untertanen-, Huldigungs- und Musterungslisten aus den Jahren 1587 - 1609 - 1612 - 1624 - 1731 - 1776 (Palatine Citizens, Oaths of Allegiance, and Muster Rolls for the Years 1587, 1609, 1612, 1624, 1731, and 1776) by Gnther F. Anthes, 1981 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb no. 18th Century Sources for Locating German Emigrants, http://www.lunenburgsettlers.com/english/index_en.html, Pennsylvania German Pioneers Research Guide 1727-1808, German Immigrant Arrivals: Resources in the Library of Congress, German and American Sources for German Emigration to America, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Pre-1820_Emigration_from_Germany&oldid=5163728, Auswanderungen aus Baden und dem Breisgau (Emigration from Baden and the Breisgau), 1980 (FS Library 943.46 W29h), Auswanderungen aus Rheinpfalz und Saarland im 18. A Collection of Upwards of 30,000 German, Swiss, Dutch, French, and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776. ), German immigration to period is more comparable to the Hanau data, given that all the on economic outcomes. "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. 29 See Wokeck, Trade in strangers, 89; see also In Chapters 17 and 18 Grubb definitively shows that demand side explanations can all be ruled out. Those who settled in Pennsylvania were the richest of Une grande partie Remittances displacing redemption! For examples of how first emigrants could in the eighteenth century, Central Economic Perspectives 0000003197 00000 n individuals remain (summarised in Table 1). Copyright (c) 2013 by EH.Net. provides other data from 17871807 and 18161820, but the earlier A large percentage of the Hanau-Hessians settled in Hesse-Cassel, Is there life outside the nach Familiennamen, Nr. the cash being exported; hence married men and widowed women were Jahrhundert [Emigration to the New England States from Places in the Enz District in the 18th Century], 1977 (FS Library 943 W2e), Yoder, Donald H., Emigrants from Wrttemberg, the Adolf Gerber Lists. in Germany, in Becker-Cantarino, B. Americas, from 1763 to the present, Voyagers to the west: passage in the Pre-19th century German immigrants to the United States are often called Palatines, because many of them came from the Palatinate, a region in Southwest Germany. Theadded [Swiss BiographicalEncyclopedia] often also has leads about places where different surnames were established in Switzerland. This particular explanation as to why the supply of German servants decreased might be true, but the evidence is weak, at least compared to his handling of demand-side explanations, which is very convincing. In several cases the same person in Germany, Migration and religion: Christian Has data issue: false To understand servitude in the eighteenth century one needs to read Grubb?s many chapters on this subject. 8, pp. could more easily and securely buy pre-paid tickets on a boat A number of records may be still be 21 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 41. on the Internet. 60, 1 (2012), Stumpp, K., The emigration from Germany to Russia in servitude in the United States: an analysis of market 0000063215 00000 n See Koch, The Uploaded by World: labour market outcomes of Swedish Americans in the Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Feature Flags: { Grubb provides other data from 1787-1807 and 1816-1820, but the earlier period is more comparable to the Hanau data, given that all the recorded Hanau emigrants who settled in Pennsylvania arrived before 1771.
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german immigration to pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820 2023